ATI RN
Questions On The Urinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
When a patient is treated with an aldosterone antagonist, there is likely to be a fall in:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone antagonist (e.g., spironolactone) reduces Na /water reabsorption lowers blood volume (e.g., less retention). Urine volume rises not falls. K concentration rises retained. Viscosity unchanged volume-based. Volume drop distinguishes it, key to antagonist effect, unlike urine or K missteps.
Question 2 of 5
Tubular damage is indicated in the patient with acute renal failure by a urinalysis finding of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tubular damage (intrarenal failure) impairs urine concentration, fixing specific gravity at 1.010 (isosthenuric, like plasma), unlike hematuria (variable causes), low sodium (prerenal), or low osmolality (not specific). This reflects lost tubular function, distinguishing intrarenal pathology, key for diagnosing acute tubular necrosis versus prerenal hypoperfusion.
Question 3 of 5
The most appropriate snack for the nurse to offer the patient with chronic renal disease is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hard candy (sugar) suits chronic renal disease, avoiding raisins (potassium), ice cream (protein), and pickles (sodium) unrestricted unless diabetic. This distinguishes dietary safety, key for electrolyte balance, contrasting with high-risk options.
Question 4 of 5
Signs and symptoms of chronic rejection of the kidney are caused by
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic rejection involves gradual vascular occlusion, reducing perfusion not recurrence (separate), T-cell attack (acute), or antibodies (hyperacute). This distinguishes chronic rejection's mechanism, key for long-term management, contrasting with acute processes.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with minimal change disease is least likely to have:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Minimal change disease (MCD) causes nephrotic syndrome: hypoproteinemia, edema, albuminuria, and hyperlipidemia but hypertension is less common (more in glomerulonephritis). This distinguishes MCD's presentation, key for differential diagnosis, contrasting with hypertensive nephropathies.