When a nurse communicates openly and is self-congruent, authentic, and transparent, the nurse is exhibiting which communication-centered skill?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Genuineness. When a nurse communicates openly and is self-congruent, authentic, and transparent, they are demonstrating genuineness by being true to themselves and their feelings. This helps build trust and rapport with patients. Respect (A) focuses on valuing others, empathy (B) involves understanding and sharing the feelings of others, and correctness (D) pertains to providing accurate information. Genuineness is the most appropriate skill in this context as it emphasizes sincerity and honesty in communication.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: 1. ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting about 5-7% of children worldwide. 2. This prevalence makes choice A correct as it highlights the widespread occurrence of ADHD. 3. Choice B is incorrect as ADHD can persist into adulthood, affecting around 2-5% of adults. 4. Choice C is incorrect as medication is not the only treatment option, and it is not commonly prescribed for children under six due to potential side effects. 5. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with ADHD are at higher risk for accidents and injuries due to impulsivity and inattention. In summary, choice A is the correct statement as ADHD is indeed one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Permit the patient to gather his or her thoughts. Silence in communication allows the patient time to organize their thoughts and feelings before responding. This can lead to more meaningful and introspective dialogue. Choice A is incorrect because silence is not primarily used for the nurse to determine a response, but rather to facilitate patient expression. Choice C is incorrect as silence is meant to encourage patient self-reflection, not the nurse's. Choice D is incorrect as passive listening involves more than just remaining silent, it also requires attentiveness and nonverbal cues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because caregivers who were neglected as children may have unresolved trauma, leading to higher likelihood of abusing older adults. Neglect in childhood can result in emotional issues, lack of empathy, and unhealthy coping mechanisms, increasing the risk of abusive behavior towards vulnerable individuals. Choice A (single male relative) does not have a direct correlation with increased risk of abuse. Choice C (caregiver under 30) is not necessarily indicative of abusive behavior. Choice D (little experience with the elderly) may lead to challenges in caregiving but does not inherently indicate a greater risk of abuse compared to a history of childhood neglect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Superego. The superego is the part of the personality that represents internalized societal and parental standards, values, and morals. When a child is rewarded and praised for positive behaviors such as helping others and being polite, these qualities are likely to be internalized and become part of the child's superego. The superego guides the individual towards moral and ethical behavior. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The id is the instinctual and impulsive part of the personality, the ego is the rational and reality-oriented part, and the preconscious contains thoughts and memories that are not currently in awareness.