Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. The cranial nerve responsible for facial expression is CN VII, the facial nerve. 2. When a neurologist asks a patient to smile, they are testing the function of CN VII. 3. CN II (optic nerve) is responsible for vision, not facial expression. 4. CN X (vagus nerve) is responsible for various functions like heart rate and digestion, not facial expression. 5. CN XI (accessory nerve) is responsible for shoulder movement, not facial expression. Summary: Testing a patient's ability to smile involves assessing the function of CN VII, the facial nerve. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are associated with different functions and not responsible for controlling facial muscles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Impaired gas exchange related to alveolar-capillary membrane changes. This nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a patient with pneumonia and lower lobe infiltrates as it directly addresses the underlying physiological issue of impaired gas exchange due to alveolar-capillary membrane changes. The infiltrates indicate infection and inflammation in the lower lobes, leading to difficulty in oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. This diagnosis aligns with the patient's medical condition and helps guide nursing interventions focused on improving oxygenation. Choice A is incorrect because ineffective breathing pattern is a broad diagnosis that does not specifically address the gas exchange issue seen in pneumonia. Choice B is incorrect as the risk for infection is already present with the diagnosis of pneumonia and does not directly address the patient's current respiratory status. Choice C is incorrect as dehydration is not the primary concern in a patient with pneumonia and lower lobe infiltrates.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Profound neuromuscular irritability. In hypoparathyroidism, there is a decrease in parathyroid hormone leading to low calcium levels. This can result in neuromuscular irritability such as muscle cramps, spasms, and tingling. Monitoring for neuromuscular symptoms is crucial as they can progress to severe complications like seizures. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hypoparathyroidism does not typically present with severe hypotension, excessive thirst, or acute gastritis. Monitoring for signs of hypocalcemia and neuromuscular irritability is essential in managing hypoparathyroidism.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use aseptic technique for the insertion site. Aseptic technique is necessary to prevent infection when accessing the intracranial pressure monitoring system. Aseptic technique involves maintaining a sterile field during the insertion process, reducing the risk of introducing pathogens. Using clean technique for cleansing connections (choice B) may introduce contaminants to the insertion site. Sterile technique for cleansing the insertion site (choice C) is not necessary and may be overly stringent. Closing leaks in the tubing with tape (choice D) does not address the prevention of infection at the insertion site.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Objective data are measurable and observable facts. Respirations (C) of 16 per minute is objective data as it is a quantifiable measurement that can be counted and recorded. It is not influenced by personal interpretation or bias. Choices A, B, and D are subjective data as they rely on the patient's feelings, perceptions, or symptoms, which can vary and are open to interpretation. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer as it represents concrete, verifiable information that can be used in the patient's assessment and care planning.