When a 7-year-old child fails to cooperate with care in the hospital, one should suspect

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) negativism. In pediatric nursing, understanding child development stages is crucial for providing effective care. At around 7 years old, children often exhibit negativism, where they may resist or refuse to cooperate as a way to assert their independence. This behavior is a normal part of their development as they begin to assert their autonomy and test boundaries. Option A) immaturity is incorrect because failure to cooperate is not solely due to immaturity at this age. Children at 7 years old are typically beyond the stage of immaturity that would significantly impact their cooperation. Option B) embarrassment is less likely in this scenario as it is more common in pre-adolescent and adolescent age groups where self-consciousness and social evaluation become more prominent. Option D) fearfulness could be a consideration, but negativism is a more typical response at this age. Fearfulness may manifest in specific situations or procedures, but it is not the primary reason for overall non-cooperation in a 7-year-old. By understanding the developmental stage of a 7-year-old child and recognizing negativism as a common behavior, pediatric nurses can approach care with empathy, patience, and strategies to engage and communicate effectively with the child. Building trust and rapport through understanding their behavior can help improve cooperation and overall care outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Gardner syndrome. Gardner syndrome is a genetic disorder that predisposes individuals to certain types of tumors, mainly colorectal polyps and cancers. It is not associated with sensitivity to radiation. A) Ataxia-telangiectasia is a genetic disorder characterized by neurological problems and increased sensitivity to radiation due to a defect in repairing DNA damage caused by radiation. C) Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. While individuals with Down syndrome may have certain health concerns, sensitivity to radiation is not a characteristic of this syndrome. D) Fanconi anemia is a genetic disorder that affects the bone marrow, leading to decreased production of all types of blood cells. Individuals with Fanconi anemia are sensitive to the DNA-damaging effects of radiation. Educationally, understanding the effects of radiation sensitivity in various genetic disorders is crucial in pediatric nursing. Nurses need to be aware of conditions that may predispose children to increased risk from radiation exposure, especially in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Recognizing these associations can help nurses provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients with these conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the treatment of Amanita poisoning, forced diuresis (Option B) is not recommended. This is because forced diuresis can potentially worsen the patient's condition by increasing the elimination of fluids and electrolytes, leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Oral activated charcoal (Option A) is recommended for Amanita poisoning as it helps to bind the toxins in the gastrointestinal tract and prevent their absorption. Silibinin (Option C) is a hepatoprotective agent that can be used to counteract the liver toxicity caused by Amanita poisoning. Intravenous penicillin G (Option D) is not typically used in the treatment of Amanita poisoning and does not have a specific role in managing this condition. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate treatment for Amanita poisoning is crucial for nurses working in pediatric settings. By knowing which interventions are recommended and which ones are contraindicated, nurses can provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients who have ingested toxic substances. This knowledge can help prevent further harm and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is E, which is not listed among the options provided. The recognition of allergic rhinitis as a major chronic respiratory disease of children rests largely on factors such as high prevalence, its significant impact on the quality of life, and its effects on school performance. However, the option "other comorbidities" is not a feature that contributes to the recognition of allergic rhinitis as a major chronic respiratory disease in children. Understanding the features that contribute to the recognition of allergic rhinitis is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. Recognizing the impact of allergic rhinitis on children's lives, including their health, well-being, and academic performance, is essential for providing comprehensive care and appropriate management strategies. By differentiating between the essential features and unrelated factors, healthcare providers can improve their ability to diagnose, treat, and support children with allergic rhinitis effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the causes of conditions like hormonal rhinitis is crucial for effective care. In this case, the correct answer is B) exercise. Hormonal rhinitis is typically triggered by hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, or menstruation, not physical activity like exercise. Option A) hypothyroidism is a hormonal disorder that can impact nasal symptoms but is not directly linked to hormonal rhinitis. Option C) cancer is not a common cause of hormonal rhinitis in pediatric patients. Option D) vasculitides refers to inflammatory blood vessel conditions and is not a typical cause of hormonal rhinitis. Educationally, knowing the specific triggers of hormonal rhinitis helps nurses provide targeted interventions and educate patients and families on management strategies. This question reinforces the importance of differentiating between causes of nasal symptoms in pediatric patients, enhancing clinical reasoning skills and promoting accurate diagnosis and treatment.