What would be appropriate for a 15-year-old girl diagnosed with ADHD who occasionally smokes marijuana with friends?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dextroamphetamine would be the most appropriate choice for this patient as it is a stimulant commonly used to treat ADHD. It can help improve focus, attention, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD. Since the girl admitted to occasional marijuana use, medications like methylphenidate (A) or clonidine (B) may not be as effective due to potential interactions or lack of effectiveness. Alprazolam (D) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety, not ADHD. Atomoxetine (E) is another medication for ADHD, but dextroamphetamine is often preferred based on patient response and history.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Buprenorphine, as a partial agonist at µ (mu) receptors and a full agonist at κ (kappa) receptors, is a suitable choice for managing pain in a patient with osteoarthritis. Its dual mechanism of action can provide effective pain relief while reducing the risk of tolerance and dependence associated with full opioid agonists. Therefore, in the case of worsening joint pain in an osteoarthritis patient, buprenorphine would be a likely choice to alleviate the pain effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Constriction of the renal vascular bed is a common effect of opioids like morphine, which can help reduce fluid overload and improve cardiac function in patients with impending pulmonary edema. This constriction leads to a decrease in renal blood flow and subsequently decreases the filtration of fluid into the kidneys, alleviating symptoms of pulmonary edema. This effect helps to reduce the patient's overall fluid volume and cardiac workload, contributing to the therapeutic benefit in the context of heart failure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.