What was the primary purpose of the 1935 Social Security Act in the U.S.?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The primary purpose of the 1935 Social Security Act was to provide benefits for elderly, unemployed, and disabled individuals. This act established a system of social insurance that included old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and assistance for the disabled. The other choices are incorrect because: A: To establish the National Health Service - This was not the primary purpose of the 1935 Social Security Act. The act focused more on economic security than on healthcare. B: To provide a foundation for public health programs - While the act did contribute to the overall well-being of individuals, its main focus was on providing financial support to specific groups in need. C: To create the first national health insurance plan - The act did not create a comprehensive national health insurance plan but rather focused on social insurance programs for specific groups.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The Global Polio Eradication Initiative. This initiative, launched in 1988, specifically targeted the eradication of polio through vaccination efforts worldwide. It involved coordinated vaccination campaigns, surveillance, and monitoring to eliminate the disease. The other choices are incorrect because: B: The Global Vaccination Program is a vague and generic term that does not specifically address polio eradication. C: The Smallpox Eradication Campaign, while significant, focused on eradicating smallpox, not polio. D: The Health for All Campaign is a broad initiative by the World Health Organization that aimed to achieve universal health coverage, but it did not have a primary focus on polio eradication through vaccination.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The Medicare and Medicaid Act. In 1965, this law was passed, creating the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Medicare provided health insurance for individuals aged 65 and older, while Medicaid offered coverage for low-income individuals. This law significantly expanded access to healthcare for these specific populations. The other choices are incorrect because: B: The National Health Service Act is a UK legislation establishing the National Health Service. C: The Affordable Care Act was passed in 2010, not 1965, and focused on healthcare reform, not specifically targeting elderly and low-income individuals. D: The Social Security Act, passed in 1935, focused on providing financial assistance and benefits, not healthcare access.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The Smallpox Eradication Campaign. This initiative was launched by the WHO in the 1980s with the specific goal of eliminating smallpox globally. The campaign involved mass vaccination programs and surveillance to identify and contain outbreaks. Smallpox was successfully eradicated in 1980, making it the first disease to be eradicated worldwide. Summary: B: The Global Polio Eradication Initiative focused on eradicating polio, not smallpox. C: The WHO Health for All Campaign aimed to achieve universal health coverage, not specifically targeting smallpox. D: The Global Immunization Program aims to increase immunization rates globally, but it is not specific to eradicating smallpox.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the primary goal of the first public health laws passed in the 19th century was to improve sanitation and reduce disease transmission. During this time, there was a growing understanding of the link between poor sanitation and disease spread. These laws focused on implementing measures such as clean water supply, waste disposal, and quarantine to prevent the spread of diseases like cholera and typhoid. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because universal healthcare, vaccination promotion, and free health care services were not the primary goals of the first public health laws in the 19th century.