What was the primary goal of the first public health laws passed in the 19th century?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the primary goal of the first public health laws passed in the 19th century was to improve sanitation and reduce disease transmission. During this time, there was a growing understanding of the link between poor sanitation and disease spread. These laws focused on implementing measures such as clean water supply, waste disposal, and quarantine to prevent the spread of diseases like cholera and typhoid. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because universal healthcare, vaccination promotion, and free health care services were not the primary goals of the first public health laws in the 19th century.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The smallpox eradication campaign. This milestone in the 20th century led to the global eradication of the deadly disease smallpox. The campaign involved widespread vaccination efforts and surveillance to identify and contain outbreaks. Smallpox was officially declared eradicated in 1980 by the World Health Organization. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The development of the first flu vaccine did not lead to the global eradication of a deadly disease. B: While the global polio vaccination program has been successful in reducing polio cases, it has not yet led to global eradication. D: The discovery of penicillin revolutionized medicine by introducing the first antibiotic, but it did not lead to the eradication of a specific deadly disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, The Polio Eradication Initiative, because it specifically targeted the elimination of polio through vaccination efforts. It was a focused and coordinated program aimed at eradicating polio globally. B: The Global Health Initiative is too broad and does not specifically address the eradication of polio through vaccination. C: The Immunization Initiative is also too broad and does not specify polio eradication as its primary goal. D: The Global Polio Vaccine Program is close, but it lacks the emphasis on eradicating polio entirely, which is the main goal of The Polio Eradication Initiative.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The World Health Organization (WHO). Founded in 1948, WHO is the primary international organization dedicated to public health. It coordinates global health initiatives, sets health standards, and responds to health emergencies. The other choices are incorrect because: B: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a US-based agency focusing on disease control within the country. C: The United Nations Health Program does not exist; there is the World Health Organization within the UN. D: The International Red Cross primarily focuses on humanitarian aid and disaster relief, not public health coordination.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Elizabethan Poor Law guaranteed medical care for poor, blind, and 'lame' individuals, similar to Medicaid. Welfare (A) and food stamps (B) do not provide for medical care. Medicare (D) provides medical care to primarily the elderly population.