ATI RN
Introduction to Epidemiology Case Study Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What type of study randomly assigns an individual to receive the currently available formulation of a blood pressure medication or the newly formulated slow-release formulation of the blood pressure medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Experimental. In an experimental study, researchers randomly assign participants to different groups to test the effects of an intervention. In this case, participants are randomly assigned to receive either the currently available formulation or the new slow-release formulation of the blood pressure medication. This random assignment helps minimize bias and allows for causal inferences to be drawn. Incorrect Choices: B: Observational studies do not involve random assignment of participants to different groups receiving different interventions. C: Case-control studies compare individuals with a specific outcome to those without the outcome, but do not involve random assignment. D: Cohort studies follow a group of individuals over time based on exposure status, but do not involve random assignment to different interventions.
Question 2 of 5
The community health nurse is conducting a health screening of an immigrant family. Which finding is an indication of the need for T-Spot testing instead of Mantoux TST testing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prior vaccination with BCG. The rationale is that BCG vaccination can cause false-positive results in Mantoux TST testing due to cross-reactivity with the tuberculin protein. T-Spot testing, which is based on measuring T-cell response to TB antigens, is not affected by BCG vaccination. Summary of incorrect choices: B: Family member who is 10 years of age - Age is not a determining factor in choosing between T-Spot and Mantoux testing. C: Symptoms of night sweats, fevers, chills, and hemoptysis - These symptoms suggest active TB and would require further evaluation, not a choice between T-Spot and Mantoux testing. D: A negative chest X-ray and negative sputum testing for MTB - These results indicate absence of active TB but do not guide the choice between T-Spot and Mantoux testing.
Question 3 of 5
Which surveillance system would the CDC utilize to track and investigate foodborne illnesses?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: System for Enteric Disease Response, Investigation, and Coordination (SEDRIC). The CDC would utilize this system specifically for tracking and investigating foodborne illnesses because it is designed to focus on enteric diseases, which includes foodborne illnesses. SEDRIC allows for timely response, investigation, and coordination of efforts related to foodborne illness outbreaks. Option B is left blank (error) and does not provide any information. Option C, National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS), is a system that tracks notifiable diseases but may not specifically focus on foodborne illnesses. Option D, Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN), is an international network designed to respond to global outbreaks, not specifically tailored for tracking and investigating foodborne illnesses within the US.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is employed as a nurse epidemiologist. Which of the following activities would most likely be completed by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is B because as a nurse epidemiologist, the nurse's primary role is to evaluate the number of clients presenting with similar diseases. This involves analyzing data, identifying trends, and patterns to help prevent and control the spread of diseases within a population. This activity aligns with the core responsibilities of a nurse epidemiologist in monitoring and managing public health issues. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Eliciting health history is typically done by nurses in direct patient care roles, not specifically by nurse epidemiologists. C: Performing physical examinations is more in line with clinical nursing practice rather than epidemiological analysis. D: The option is incomplete and irrelevant to the role of a nurse epidemiologist.
Question 5 of 5
Between 2010 and 2015, 1000 of 10,000 young women age 17 to 20 years at a university tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Of the 1000 diagnosed STIs, 300
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Choice A summarizes the findings by stating that 1000 out of 10,000 young women tested positive for an STI between 2010-2015. 2. Choice B focuses on the proportion of gonorrhea cases only, which is not the main point of the question. 3. Since C and D are incomplete, they do not provide any relevant information about the findings. Therefore, choice A is correct as it accurately summarizes the main finding of the STI prevalence among young women at the university.