What type of study is the public health nurse using to collect exposure and lifestyle information to assess the relationship between these factors and consequent occurrence of disease?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cohort study. In a cohort study, participants are followed over time to evaluate the relationship between exposure/lifestyle factors and disease occurrence. This allows for the assessment of causality and temporal sequence. The public health nurse is collecting exposure and lifestyle information to observe how they influence disease development in the future. Cross-sectional studies (B) assess factors and outcomes at a single point in time, not over time like cohort studies. Experimental studies (A) involve interventions and randomization which is not the case here. Case-control studies (D) are retrospective and compare individuals with and without the disease, not following them over time like in a cohort study.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Measles. Measles is spread through airborne transmission by respiratory droplets, making it highly contagious. The virus can remain suspended in the air for hours. Influenza (choice B) is also spread through the air but is less contagious than measles. Pertussis (choice C) is primarily spread through respiratory droplets but can also be transmitted through direct contact. Pneumonia (choice D) is not a communicable disease and is typically caused by bacteria or viruses that are not transmitted through the air.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dehydration. In mild to moderate food poisoning, dehydration is a common manifestation due to fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea. Dehydration can lead to complications and requires prompt medical attention. Bloody diarrhea (A) is more indicative of severe cases or specific types of food poisoning. Diarrhea lasting more than 3 days (B) may indicate a more serious infection or underlying condition. Fever less than 102°F (D) is a common symptom, but dehydration is a more critical manifestation that requires immediate focus. Therefore, C is the most appropriate choice to emphasize during community education on mild to moderate food poisoning.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because controlling the environment in the community is more challenging compared to an acute care setting. In the community, nurses face various environmental factors such as social determinants of health, limited resources, and diverse cultural backgrounds, making it harder to maintain a controlled and predictable environment for patient care. This can impact the delivery of care and outcomes. A: Limited access to information is not specific to community nursing and can also be a challenge in acute care settings. B: More paperwork and forms may be burdensome but do not inherently make community nursing more challenging than acute care. C: This choice is incomplete and does not provide a clear rationale for community nursing being more challenging.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. This is because a decrease in prevalence would indicate successful screening efforts. Incidence is the rate of new cases, not a measure of screening success. An epidemic or increase in diabetes cases would not verify success, as it could indicate poor screening or higher awareness.