What type of stroke is caused by a blockage in an artery supplying blood to the brain?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ischemic stroke. This type of stroke is caused by a blockage in an artery supplying blood to the brain, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to brain cells. This blockage can be due to a blood clot or plaque buildup. Ischemic strokes account for the majority of stroke cases. Incorrect choices: B: Hemorrhagic stroke - This type of stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, leading to bleeding in the brain. C: Transient ischemic attack - Also known as a mini-stroke, it is caused by a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, often resolving on its own without permanent damage. D: Embolism - This refers to a condition where a blood clot or other foreign material travels through the bloodstream and blocks a blood vessel in the brain.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pulmonary edema is the correct answer because it is characterized by fluid accumulation in the lungs, leading to difficulty in breathing. This condition is often a result of heart failure, where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, causing fluid to leak into the lungs. It can also be caused by lung infections or exposure to toxins. Pleurisy (B) is inflammation of the pleura, the lining around the lungs, leading to chest pain exacerbated by breathing. Pleural effusion (C) is fluid accumulation in the pleural space around the lungs, not within the lungs themselves. Pneumothorax (D) is characterized by air accumulation in the pleural space, causing lung collapse, but not fluid collection in the lungs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumothorax. Pneumothorax is the term used to describe a condition where the lung collapses due to air leaking into the pleural space. This causes pressure on the lung, leading to its collapse. Pleural effusion (B) is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, not air. Atelectasis (C) is the collapse of a portion or the entire lung due to various reasons but not air leakage. Pulmonary fibrosis (D) is a condition where lung tissue becomes scarred and thickened, not related to air leakage causing lung collapse.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and narrowing, leading to difficulty breathing. 2. It is a chronic respiratory condition with symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. 3. Asthma exacerbations can be triggered by various factors like allergens or exercise. 4. Treatment includes bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory medications to manage symptoms. 5. COPD, bronchitis, and pneumonia involve different pathophysiological mechanisms and are not primarily characterized by airway narrowing. Summary: Asthma is the correct answer due to its specific features of airway inflammation and narrowing, distinct from COPD, bronchitis, and pneumonia, which have different underlying causes and symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bronchitis. Bronchitis refers to inflammation of the bronchial tubes, causing symptoms such as persistent cough and mucus production. This condition is often caused by viral or bacterial infections, irritants, or smoking. Asthma (B) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and tightening, leading to difficulty breathing. Pneumonia (C) is an infection in the lungs, typically caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Cystic fibrosis (D) is a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and other organs, leading to thick mucus production and recurrent infections. Therefore, the term that specifically describes inflammation of the bronchial tubes is bronchitis, making it the correct answer in this scenario.