What type of signalling occurs when neurons release chemical signal molecules which influence the activity and behaviour of neighbouring neurons?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Synaptic signaling occurs when neurons release neurotransmitters (e.g., acetylcholine) across synapses to influence adjacent neurons fast, local neural communication. Autocrine involves cells signaling themselves (e.g., growth factors). Paracrine affects nearby cells (e.g., histamine), not specifically neurons. Endocrine uses blood for distant targets (e.g., insulin), not neuron-neighbor. Synaptic specificity distinguishes it, key to nervous system function, unlike self, nearby, or systemic signaling.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones like PRH (prolactin), CRH (corticotropin), and TRH (thyrotropin) not FSH, which the anterior pituitary produces under hypothalamic GnRH control. This distinction clarifies hypothalamic regulatory roles, vital for NEET's pituitary-hypothalamic axis understanding, contrasting with pituitary effectors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) from the anterior pituitary stimulates the adrenal cortex's zona fasciculata to release cortisol, a glucocorticoid for stress and metabolism. Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid, comes from zona glomerulosa, regulated by renin-angiotensin, not ACTH. Epinephrine is medullary, not ACTH-driven. Renin, from kidneys, isn't pituitary-stimulated. Cortisol's ACTH dependency distinguishes it, key to stress response, unlike electrolyte or medullary outputs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The thyroid, in the neck, is the largest purely endocrine gland by mass, secreting thyroxine and calcitonin for metabolism and calcium regulation. Pituitary, small but master, controls others. Adrenals produce steroids and catecholamines, smaller than thyroid. Pancreas, larger, is dual endocrine (islets) and exocrine (digestion), diluting its endocrine claim. Thyroid's size and exclusive endocrine role distinguish it, vital for systemic metabolism.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Polydipsia (excessive thirst) is a diabetes mellitus symptom, driven by hyperglycemia dehydrating cells, triggering thirst. 'Glyconemia' isn't a term hyperglycemia is correct, but not listed. Weight gain contrasts with typical loss from glucose wasting. Hypoglycemia isn't characteristic high glucose defines it. Polydipsia's link to osmotic diuresis distinguishes it, key to diabetes recognition, unlike misnamed or opposing signs.