What type of meningitis would be most consistent with the following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) report result? Glucose Decreased Protein Elevated WBC counts 1,000/mm³

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Bacterial meningitis. This can be deduced from the CSF report that shows decreased glucose, elevated protein, and high white blood cell counts (1,000/mm³). In bacterial meningitis, the bacteria consume glucose in the CSF, leading to decreased levels, while the immune response increases protein and white blood cell levels. Option B) Viral meningitis typically presents with normal glucose levels, slightly elevated protein, and lower white blood cell counts compared to bacterial meningitis. Fungal meningitis (Option C) may show similar CSF findings to bacterial meningitis but is less common. Tuberculosis (Option D) meningitis usually presents with elevated protein and lymphocytic pleocytosis in the CSF. Educationally, understanding the CSF findings in different types of meningitis is crucial for nurses taking the NCLEX RN exam as it tests their ability to analyze and apply clinical data to identify specific conditions. This knowledge is essential for providing timely and appropriate care to patients with meningitis, as different types require distinct treatment approaches.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Meningococcal. Meningococcal immunization is categorized as a 'required' immunization for international travel because of the risk of meningococcal disease in certain regions. Meningococcal disease can be severe and potentially life-threatening, especially in crowded or close-quarter settings like dormitories or military barracks, which travelers may encounter. A) Typhoid is typically a 'recommended' immunization for international travel to areas where typhoid fever is prevalent, but it is not considered a required immunization. B) Japanese encephalitis immunization is also usually 'recommended' for travel to regions where the disease is endemic but is not classified as a required immunization. C) Rabies immunization is generally not considered a required immunization for international travel unless a person is at high risk of exposure, such as veterinarians or animal handlers. Educationally, understanding the categorization of immunizations for international travel is crucial for healthcare providers and travelers to ensure proper preparation and protection against preventable diseases. Meningococcal vaccination is essential for travelers going to regions where the disease is prevalent, highlighting the significance of appropriate immunization strategies based on travel destinations and individual health considerations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a healthcare setting, infection control is paramount to ensure patient safety. When it comes to hand hygiene and patient care, wearing a ring with a plain band (Option A) is the most appropriate choice. A plain band ring poses fewer risks for harboring harmful bacteria compared to false nails (Option B), nail polish (Option C), or stick-ons (Option D). False nails, nail polish, and stick-ons can all create crevices and spaces where bacteria and other pathogens can hide and multiply, increasing the risk of cross-contamination and infection transmission. These artificial nail enhancements are not recommended in healthcare settings as they are difficult to clean thoroughly and can compromise hand hygiene practices. Educationally, it is important for healthcare professionals to understand and adhere to infection control protocols to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings. Reinforcing the importance of proper hand hygiene practices, including avoiding artificial nail enhancements, is crucial for maintaining a safe and healthy environment for patients. By choosing the correct answer of wearing a ring with a plain band, healthcare professionals can minimize the risk of transmitting infections and promote patient well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Maintaining the cold chain is crucial for preserving the efficacy of vaccines by ensuring they are stored within the recommended temperature range. The correct answer is D) (+2)-+8°C. Vaccines are typically stored between +2°C and +8°C to prevent them from freezing or becoming too warm, which can lead to their degradation and loss of potency. Storing vaccines within this specific temperature range helps to maintain their stability and effectiveness. Option A) 0-+4°C is too narrow and may risk temperatures dropping below the recommended range, potentially freezing the vaccines. Option B) (+1)-+5°C and Option C) (+2)-+10°C both exceed the upper limit of the recommended range, which could cause the vaccines to become less effective or even denatured. In an educational context, understanding the importance of the cold chain in vaccine storage is vital for nurses and healthcare professionals to ensure the safety and efficacy of immunization programs. Proper storage and handling of vaccines help to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases and protect public health. Nurses must be diligent in following manufacturer guidelines to maintain the cold chain and uphold the integrity of the vaccines they administer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of NCLEX RN Infection Control questions, the correct answer, option B, is patients receiving at least 40 mg of prednisolone per day for more than one week should not receive live vaccines. This is because high-dose corticosteroids like prednisolone can suppress the immune system, potentially leading to an inadequate response to live vaccines and increasing the risk of vaccine-related complications. Option A, patients suffering from hay fever, can receive live vaccines as hay fever is not a contraindication for live vaccines. Option C, patients who received a stem cell transplant from a donor 18 months ago, should receive inactivated vaccines rather than live vaccines due to their compromised immune system. Option D, a patient taking a corticosteroid inhaler, may receive live vaccines unless they are on high-dose systemic corticosteroids for an extended duration. Educationally, understanding the contraindications for live vaccines is crucial for nurses to ensure patient safety and effective immunization. Nurses must assess each patient's medical history, current medications, and immune status to determine the appropriateness of live vaccines, especially in individuals with compromised immune systems like those on high-dose corticosteroids.