What type of medication is used to relax the muscles around the airways and improve breathing in conditions like asthma and COPD?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bronchodilator. Bronchodilators are used to relax the muscles around the airways, allowing them to open up and improve breathing in conditions like asthma and COPD. They work by widening the airways, making it easier to breathe. Corticosteroids (B) reduce inflammation, mucolytics (C) help loosen mucus, and antihistamines (D) are used for allergies and not specifically for relaxing muscles in the airways. Therefore, A is the correct choice for this question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mesothelioma. Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, abdomen, or heart, and is primarily caused by exposure to asbestos fibers. Asbestos exposure is a well-established risk factor for developing mesothelioma. Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer are not typically associated with asbestos exposure. This association is key in determining the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tracheostomy. This surgical procedure involves creating an opening in the windpipe to assist with breathing by bypassing any obstructions in the upper airway. It is commonly performed in cases of severe respiratory distress or when a patient requires long-term mechanical ventilation. Choice B: Lobectomy involves surgical removal of a lobe of the lung and does not directly relate to creating an opening in the windpipe for breathing assistance. Choice C: Thoracotomy is a surgical incision into the chest wall but is not specifically related to creating an opening in the windpipe. Choice D: Pleurodesis is a procedure to treat recurrent pleural effusion by creating adhesions between the layers of the pleura but does not involve creating an opening in the windpipe.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cystic fibrosis. This genetic disorder is characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and digestive system. Step 1: Cystic fibrosis specifically mentions the thick, sticky mucus, which is a key characteristic of the disorder. Step 2: Pulmonary fibrosis is a different condition where lung tissue becomes scarred and stiff. Step 3: Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, not mucus. Step 4: Bronchiectasis is a condition where the airways in the lungs become damaged and widened, not specifically related to thick mucus buildup.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A: Atrial fibrillation is the correct answer as it is characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atria due to disorganized electrical signals. This leads to inefficient pumping of blood and increases the risk of blood clots. B: Ventricular fibrillation is incorrect as it refers to rapid, irregular beating of the ventricles, which is life-threatening and requires immediate medical intervention. C: Atrial flutter is incorrect as it is characterized by a rapid but regular beating of the atria, different from the irregular pattern seen in atrial fibrillation. D: Sinus tachycardia is incorrect as it is a normal response to stress, exercise, or excitement, characterized by a fast but regular heartbeat originating from the sinus node in the heart.