ATI RN
Questions in Epidemiology Questions
Question 1 of 5
What type of bias occurs when the measurement of exposure or outcome is influenced by the knowledge of the hypothesis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Observer bias (D) arises when hypothesis knowledge skews measurement (e.g., biased scoring). A is selection, B is broad, C is recall-specific.
Question 2 of 5
Specificity of a diagnostic test is defined as:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Specificity (B) is true negatives / (true negatives + false positives), ruling out non-diseased (e.g., 95% specificity = 95% healthy identified). A is sensitivity, C is NPV, D is an error.
Question 3 of 5
What does a likelihood ratio of less than 1 indicate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: LR < 1 (B) means a result favors non-disease (e.g., LR- = (1-sensitivity) / specificity). A, C, and D misinterpret.
Question 4 of 5
The main objective of primary prevention is to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary prevention (B) stops risk factors (e.g., anti-smoking laws). A is treatment, C is secondary, D is tertiary.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following criteria supports a causal relationship between exposure and disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Consistency (A) across studies (e.g., smoking-cancer) supports causality. B, C, and D weaken it.