ATI RN
Epidemiology Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What type of bias is introduced when participants drop out of a study and the dropout is related to both the exposure and the outcome?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Attrition bias (D) is loss to follow-up affecting results (e.g., sick dropouts in cohorts). A is broader, B is data error, C is recall.
Question 2 of 5
If a disease has a low prevalence, which value of the diagnostic test is likely to be most affected?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Low prevalence lowers PPV (C) as fewer true positives exist (e.g., rare disease testing). A and B are test properties, D stays high.
Question 3 of 5
What is the primary focus of quaternary prevention?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Quaternary prevention (B) avoids over-treatment (e.g., unnecessary tests). A, C, and D are other levels.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for establishing causality in epidemiology?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bradford Hill criteria exclude anecdotal evidence (D) as unscientific. A, B, and C (strength, temporality, dose-response) are valid.
Question 5 of 5
Correct statements about infant mortality include which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Black infants have ~2x higher mortality in the U.S. due to disparities. A is false (first year, not month). B is true but not sole correct. C is false (preterm birth tops SIDS).