What therapy is used to adapt one's perceptions about life situations?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors to improve one's perceptions about life situations. It helps individuals identify and challenge irrational beliefs, leading to more positive emotions and behaviors. Milieu therapy (A) focuses on creating a therapeutic environment, not specifically on changing perceptions. Psychoanalysis (B) delves into unconscious conflicts, not necessarily focused on changing perceptions directly. Reality therapy (D) is more about personal responsibility and choices, rather than altering perceptions through cognitive restructuring.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it reflects the negative outcome of despair in Erikson's stage of "old age." In this stage, individuals reflect on their lives and may feel satisfied or dissatisfied. Option D shows the woman feeling anger and dissatisfaction, indicating despair. Choice A involves a woman struggling with caregiving, which could be a challenge but doesn't necessarily reflect despair. Choice B describes someone reflecting on their life, which is a positive aspect of this stage. Choice C shows a man openly discussing his accomplishments and failures, which is a healthy way of coping and doesn't indicate despair.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because showing respect that is not based on the client's behavior is essential in establishing a therapeutic relationship. This approach conveys unconditional positive regard, helping the client feel valued and accepted regardless of their current emotional state. Choice A of establishing a friendship may blur boundaries and hinder the professional therapeutic relationship. Choice B of using humor may not be appropriate for a client experiencing anger and depression. Choice D of sympathizing with the client's sad feelings may be seen as pity rather than genuine understanding, which can be counterproductive. Overall, choice C demonstrates empathy, understanding, and a non-judgmental attitude, which are crucial in building trust and rapport with the client.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Psychotherapy. Advanced practice psychiatric/mental health nurses have specialized training to provide psychotherapy, which involves conducting therapy sessions to address mental health issues. This intervention requires advanced knowledge and skills in assessing, diagnosing, and treating complex psychiatric conditions. Basic level registered nurses typically do not have the expertise or training to conduct psychotherapy. A: Coordination of care - Both basic level and advanced practice nurses can coordinate care for patients, although advanced practice nurses may take on a more comprehensive role in care coordination. B: Health teaching - Both basic level and advanced practice nurses can provide health teaching to patients about mental health conditions and treatment options. Advanced practice nurses may have a deeper understanding of mental health concepts. C: Milieu therapy - Both basic level and advanced practice nurses can participate in creating a therapeutic environment for patients. Advanced practice nurses may have a more significant role in developing and implementing milieu therapy strategies.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because hearing evil voices indicating potential psychosis or severe mental health issues requiring immediate attention. This statement suggests possible hallucinations and command hallucinations that pose a risk to the individual and others. It should be the priority focus for the plan of care. A: Trusting family is important but does not indicate immediate safety concern. B: Perception of bad luck may be relevant but not as urgent as potential hallucinations. C: Concern about betrayal is significant but does not pose an immediate risk compared to hearing evil voices.