What theory explains how we can motivate safe behaviour by recognizing that people are motivated by different things?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Self-determination theory explains motivation by emphasizing intrinsic factors such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This theory acknowledges individual differences in motivation, making it suitable for encouraging safe behavior. Reinforcement theory (A) focuses on rewards and punishments, not individual motivations. Goal-setting theory (B) emphasizes setting specific goals. Transformational leadership theory (D) focuses on inspiring and transforming followers, not individual motivations for safe behavior. Thus, C is correct as it aligns with understanding individual motivations for safety.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: their immediate supervisor. Immediate supervisors have direct interactions with new oil workers, shaping their attitudes the most. They provide guidance, feedback, and support, influencing workers' perception of safety climate. Senior management (A) may set policies but have limited daily interactions. Coworkers (B) can influence attitudes, but supervisors have more direct authority. The Alberta Workers' Compensation Board (D) is an external regulatory body and has less influence on day-to-day attitudes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A healthy environment increases quality of life and years of healthy living. Accumulated evidence shows that the environmental changes of the past few decades have profoundly influenced the status of public health. Globally, environmental factors contribute to nearly 25% of all deaths and increase disease burden (World Health Organization, 2016). The safety, beauty, and life-sustaining capacity of the physical environment are unquestionably of global consequence.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Intervening to improve environmental conditions requires basic social, economic, and political changes. Aggregates must work together to create such change. The other responses do not address the multiple dimensions that must be impacted in order to impact change within environmental health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The built environment is the connection between people, communities, and their surrounding environments that affect health habits and behaviors, interpersonal relationships, cultural values, and customs. Most people live within areas that require almost daily contact with potential health risks and threats, such as intoxicated or impaired drivers, secondhand smoke, urban crowding, noise exposure, unabated traffic, and the stress of increased mechanization.