What test measures the electrical activity of the heart to detect arrhythmias and other heart conditions?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). An ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart by recording the heart's rhythm and electrical signals. It is used to detect arrhythmias and other heart conditions based on the pattern of the electrical waves. A chest X-ray (B) is used to visualize the heart and lungs, not to measure electrical activity. A stress test (C) assesses the heart's response to physical activity. Arterial blood gas (D) measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, not heart activity. Thus, the ECG is the most appropriate test for detecting arrhythmias and other heart conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Beta-blocker. Beta-blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart, which helps to reduce the heart rate. This reduction in heart rate helps to decrease the workload on the heart muscle, making it an effective treatment for conditions such as high blood pressure and heart failure. Incorrect choices: B: Calcium channel blocker - Calcium channel blockers work by dilating blood vessels and reducing the heart's workload by relaxing the muscles in the blood vessels, not by slowing down the heart rate. C: Diuretic - Diuretics help the body get rid of excess salt and water, reducing blood volume and lowering blood pressure, but they do not directly affect heart rate. D: ACE inhibitor - ACE inhibitors work by relaxing blood vessels to lower blood pressure and improve blood flow, but they do not specifically target heart rate reduction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thoracentesis is the correct procedure for removing excess fluid or air from the pleural space. It involves inserting a needle through the chest wall to drain the fluid or air, relieving pressure on the lungs. Bronchoscopy is used to visualize the airways, not remove fluid or air. Chest X-ray is a diagnostic tool for assessing the lungs but does not remove fluid or air. Arterial blood gas (ABG) is a test to assess oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, not a procedure to remove fluid or air from the pleural space.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anticoagulant. Anticoagulants prevent blood clots by thinning the blood, reducing the risk of stroke and heart attack. They work by inhibiting clot formation. ACE inhibitors (B), Beta-blockers (C), and Calcium channel blockers (D) are not used to prevent blood clots. ACE inhibitors are used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure, Beta-blockers are used to treat high blood pressure and heart conditions, and Calcium channel blockers are used to treat high blood pressure and certain heart conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulmonary embolism. A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot travels to the lungs and blocks an artery, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath and chest pain. This happens because the clot obstructs blood flow to the lung tissue, causing a decrease in oxygen levels. The other choices, B: Pneumothorax, C: Pleural effusion, and D: Aneurysm, do not involve a blood clot blocking an artery in the lungs. Pneumothorax is a collapsed lung due to air in the chest cavity, Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the space between the lungs and chest wall, and an Aneurysm is a bulging and weakened blood vessel.