ATI RN
Physical Exam Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect heart rhythm problems?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). An ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart, detecting heart rhythm problems such as arrhythmias. It is a non-invasive test that provides valuable information on the heart's function. A chest X-ray (B) is used to visualize the heart and lungs but does not measure electrical activity. MRI (C) and CT scan (D) are imaging tests that provide detailed pictures of the heart's structure but do not directly measure heart rhythm.
Question 2 of 5
What condition is characterized by the inflammation of the heart's outer lining, often causing chest pain and other symptoms?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pericarditis. Pericarditis is the inflammation of the heart's outer lining, causing chest pain. The pericardium surrounds and protects the heart. Other choices are incorrect: B: Endocarditis is the inflammation of the inner lining of the heart. C: Myocarditis is the inflammation of the heart muscle itself. D: Valvular heart disease is a condition affecting the heart valves, not the outer lining.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A: Asthma is the correct answer because it is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by symptoms like wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. This condition is often triggered by various factors such as allergens, exercise, or respiratory infections. Asthma involves inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to the symptoms mentioned. B: Bronchitis is incorrect as it refers to inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which can be acute or chronic, but it does not typically present with all the symptoms listed in the question. C: Pneumonia is incorrect as it is an infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, and does not typically cause chronic inflammation of the airways. D: Emphysema is incorrect as it is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by damage to the air sacs in the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing, but it does not typically present
Question 4 of 5
This is a type of lung disease that results from the inhalation of certain dusts, often in the workplace, leading to lung damage.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumoconiosis. Pneumoconiosis is a general term for lung diseases caused by inhaling dust particles, such as coal, asbestos, or silica, leading to lung damage. Asbestosis (B) specifically refers to lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. Silicosis (C) is a type of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaling silica dust. Anthracosis (D) is the accumulation of carbon particles in the lungs but is not typically associated with significant lung damage. Therefore, the correct answer is A because it is the most inclusive term for lung diseases resulting from inhaling dust particles.
Question 5 of 5
Which type of lung cancer begins in the cells lining the bronchi and bronchioles?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adenocarcinoma. This type of lung cancer begins in the cells lining the bronchi and bronchioles. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer and often affects non-smokers. It is characterized by the growth of glandular cells in the lining of the lungs. B: Small cell lung cancer typically originates in the bronchi, but it is characterized by small, round cells and tends to grow and spread quickly. C: Squamous cell carcinoma starts in the squamous cells lining the airways and is associated with a history of smoking. D: Mesothelioma is a cancer of the mesothelial cells that line the lungs, not specifically the bronchi or bronchioles. It is commonly linked to asbestos exposure.