What test is used to screen for carbohydrate malabsorption?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of nursing care for children, understanding how to screen for carbohydrate malabsorption is crucial for effective patient care. The correct answer is A) Stool pH. Stool pH testing is used to screen for carbohydrate malabsorption because when carbohydrates are not properly absorbed in the intestines, they can ferment in the colon, leading to a decrease in stool pH. Option B) Urine ketones is incorrect because it is used to detect the presence of ketones in the urine, which is indicative of fat metabolism, not carbohydrate malabsorption. Option C) C urea breath test is used to detect the presence of H. pylori bacteria in the stomach, not for screening carbohydrate malabsorption. Option D) ELISA stool assay is a test used to detect specific proteins or antigens in stool samples, not specifically for screening carbohydrate malabsorption. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind each screening test helps nurses make informed clinical decisions and provide optimal care for pediatric patients. Knowing the correct screening tools for different conditions ensures timely and accurate diagnosis, leading to appropriate interventions and improved patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option C: The object may be lodged in the esophagus. When a child with cognitive impairment presents with gagging and drooling after a suspected foreign body ingestion, the most likely physiologic occurrence is the object being stuck in the esophagus. This is because individuals with cognitive impairment may have difficulty chewing and swallowing properly, leading to an increased risk of objects getting lodged in their esophagus. Option A, gastrointestinal perforation, is incorrect in this case because the symptoms of gagging and drooling are more indicative of an obstruction rather than a perforation. Option B, aspiration of the object, would typically present with different symptoms like coughing and wheezing. Option D, the object being embedded in the stomach wall, is less likely due to the nature of the symptoms described. Educationally, understanding the unique challenges faced by children with cognitive impairments in terms of feeding and swallowing is crucial for nurses caring for this population. Prompt recognition and appropriate intervention in cases of foreign body ingestion can prevent complications and ensure the safety and well-being of these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Popcorn. Popcorn is a high-fiber food that can aid in relieving constipation in children. Fiber helps to add bulk to the stool, making it easier to pass through the digestive tract. Popcorn, specifically the whole-grain variety, is a good source of dietary fiber, promoting regular bowel movements and preventing constipation. Now, let's discuss why the other options are incorrect: A) White rice: White rice is a low-fiber food that may contribute to constipation rather than alleviate it. C) Fruit juice: While some fruit juices may contain fiber, many are low in fiber content and can even worsen constipation due to their high sugar content and lack of sufficient fiber. D) Ripe bananas: While bananas are a good source of fiber, ripe bananas are lower in fiber content compared to when they are slightly unripe. Therefore, they may not be as effective in treating chronic constipation in children. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to understand the importance of dietary fiber in managing constipation in children. By recommending high-fiber foods like popcorn, nurses can help promote gastrointestinal health and alleviate constipation issues in pediatric patients. It is also essential to educate caregivers on the significance of a balanced diet rich in fiber for maintaining overall digestive health in children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In caring for a 2-year-old child with chronic constipation, the initial therapeutic plan should include dietary modification (Option B). This is the correct answer because dietary interventions play a crucial role in managing constipation in children. Increasing fiber intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help soften stools and promote regular bowel movements in young children. It is important to address dietary factors first before considering other interventions. Option A, bowel cleansing, is not appropriate as the initial step in managing chronic constipation in a child. Bowel cleansing procedures can be invasive and are typically reserved for specific situations under medical supervision. Option C, structured toilet training, may not be effective for a 2-year-old with chronic constipation. Toilet training is more relevant for addressing issues related to potty training readiness and may not directly address the underlying cause of constipation. Option D, behavior modification, is also not the initial step in managing chronic constipation in a child. While behavior modification strategies can be helpful in some cases, addressing dietary factors is typically the first line of treatment in pediatric constipation management. Educationally, understanding the importance of dietary modifications in managing constipation in children is essential for nursing care of pediatric patients. By prioritizing dietary interventions, nurses can help promote optimal bowel health and prevent complications associated with chronic constipation in young children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In understanding Hirschsprung disease, it is crucial to recognize that the correct statement is option A: "The colon has an aganglionic segment." This statement accurately describes the pathophysiology of Hirschsprung disease, where there is a missing ganglion cells in a segment of the colon, leading to a lack of peristalsis and functional obstruction. Option B is incorrect because Hirschsprung disease actually results in a failure to evacuate stool, leading to constipation and potential bowel obstruction rather than frequent evacuation of solids, liquids, and gas. Option C is incorrect because while it is true that Hirschsprung disease is often diagnosed in neonates due to the failure to pass meconium, this is not a defining characteristic of the disease. Option D is incorrect as it describes hypermotility, which is not a feature of Hirschsprung disease. In fact, the affected segment of the colon experiences decreased motility due to the lack of innervation. Educationally, understanding the pathophysiology of Hirschsprung disease is essential for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing the signs and symptoms, such as chronic constipation, abdominal distension, and failure to pass meconium, can lead to timely diagnosis and appropriate management to prevent complications such as enterocolitis. By grasping the underlying cause of the condition, nurses can provide comprehensive care and support to both the child and their family.