What term refers to the manner of walking?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Gait is the correct answer because it specifically describes the pattern of movement of the limbs during locomotion, particularly walking or running. It encompasses the rhythm, speed, and coordination of steps, as well as the biomechanics involved in maintaining balance and propulsion. Gait analysis is a critical component in fields like physical therapy, orthopedics, and neurology to assess normal and pathological movement patterns. The term is precise and universally recognized in medical and anatomical contexts to describe the way a person walks. Range of motion (B) is incorrect because it refers to the extent of movement a joint can achieve, such as bending or rotating, rather than describing the act of walking itself. While range of motion is important for mobility, it is a measure of joint flexibility and not synonymous with gait. For example, a person with limited hip range of motion may have an altered gait, but the two terms are distinct concepts. Flexion and extension (C) are incorrect as they describe specific types of joint movements rather than the overall manner of walking. Flexion refers to decreasing the angle between two bones (e.g., bending the knee), while extension refers to increasing that angle (e.g., straightening the knee). Although these movements contribute to walking, they are individual components of locomotion and do not encapsulate the coordinated sequence of steps that define gait. Hopping (D) is incorrect because it is a specific type of locomotion involving a single-leg takeoff and landing, which is fundamentally different from walking. Walking requires alternating steps between both legs with at least one foot always in contact with the ground, whereas hopping is a unilateral, ballistic movement. While hopping is a form of movement, it does not describe the general manner of walking, making it an unsuitable answer for this question. The distinction between these terms is crucial for understanding human movement. Gait is the overarching concept that integrates multiple biomechanical elements, while the other choices represent narrower or unrelated aspects of motion. Mastery of these definitions ensures clarity in medical, athletic, and rehabilitative contexts where precise terminology is essential.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The knee-chest position is correctly identified as the genu-pectoral position. In this position, a person rests on their knees and chest with the abdomen raised and the head turned to one side. This position is commonly used in medical examinations and procedures involving the rectal or pelvic areas, allowing for better visualization and access.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Z-track technique is the best action to prevent tracking of the medication when administering an IM injection that is irritating to the subcutaneous tissue. This technique involves pulling the skin to the side before administering the injection and then releasing the skin after the injection. By doing so, a zig-zag pathway is created, preventing the medication from leaking into the subcutaneous tissue and reducing irritation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Maintaining the patient in an orthopneic position as needed is the most appropriate nursing order for a patient experiencing dyspnea and shortness of breath. This position helps to optimize lung expansion, improve oxygenation, and alleviate breathing difficulties. It is a strategic intervention to enhance respiratory function in patients with respiratory distress.