Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: strain. A strain refers to excessive stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon, not a ligament. A sprain (choice A) is the correct term for excessive stretching of a ligament. Subluxation (choice C) refers to partial dislocation of a joint, not a ligament injury. Distortion (choice D) is a general term that does not specifically describe ligament stretching. Therefore, the correct term for excessive stretching of a ligament is a sprain, making choice A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acyclovir is a nucleoside analog antiviral drug that is specifically effective against herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, as well as varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The drug works by inhibiting viral DNA synthesis. HSV and VZV are both members of the herpes virus family, and acyclovir is most commonly prescribed for infections caused by these viruses. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Choice A (HIV) is incorrect because acyclovir is not effective against HIV. Choice C (CMV) is incorrect because acyclovir is less effective against cytomegalovirus (CMV) compared to HSV and VZV. Choice D (influenza A viruses) is incorrect because acyclovir is not indicated for the treatment of influenza viruses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: culturalism. The nurse's conclusion that the patient's inability to maintain her diet and diabetic regime is due to the foods she eats reflects culturalism. Culturalism refers to the belief that a person's behaviors and beliefs are solely determined by their culture. In this case, the nurse is attributing the patient's struggles solely to her cultural background without considering other factors. A: Cultural sensitivity is about being aware and respectful of different cultures, but it does not involve making assumptions based on culture alone. B: Cultural safety is about creating a safe and respectful environment for individuals from different cultures, but it does not involve making assumptions about behavior solely based on culture. C: Cultural perspective involves understanding different cultural viewpoints, but it does not involve making assumptions about behavior solely based on culture. In summary, the nurse's conclusion is an example of culturalism as it oversimplifies the patient's situation by attributing her struggles solely to her cultural background.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, perform a lumbar puncture. A positive Brudzinski sign indicates meningeal irritation, a hallmark of meningitis. A lumbar puncture is the gold standard for diagnosing meningitis by analyzing cerebrospinal fluid. Placing the client on their back without proper diagnosis or treatment delays could lead to serious complications. Option B is incorrect as antibiotics should be given after confirming the diagnosis. Option C is partially correct but does not address the need for a definitive diagnostic test. Option A is incorrect as pain medication alone does not address the underlying cause of meningitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Administer IV fluids Rationale: 1. Assess patient's fluid status and hydration level. 2. IV fluids help maintain adequate hydration during hemodialysis. 3. Prevents hypotension and ensures stable blood pressure during the procedure. 4. Improves overall hemodialysis efficiency and patient safety. Summary: A: Checking patency is important, but not the primary intervention for hemodialysis. B: Monitoring for bleeding is crucial but not specific to AVF assessment. D: Applying an airtight dressing is not necessary for AVF assessment.