What technique, usually reserved for low-risk persons, has been shown to decrease pain, encourage movement, decrease anxiety, shorten labor, and improve labor satisfaction?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: hydrotherapy. Hydrotherapy involves the use of water for pain relief and relaxation during labor. It helps decrease pain by providing buoyancy and reducing the pressure on joints. The warm water encourages movement and relaxation, which can shorten labor duration and improve satisfaction. Controlled breathing (A) can be helpful but may not provide the same physical benefits as hydrotherapy. Aromatherapy (B) may help with relaxation but does not have the same direct physical effects on pain and movement. Massage (C) can be beneficial, but hydrotherapy offers a more comprehensive approach to pain management and labor support.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because keeping the room quiet and dimly lit promotes relaxation and helps the person stay focused during hypnosis. Bright lights and noise can be distracting and increase stress levels. Talking them through contractions (Choice A) may disrupt their concentration on hypnosis. Asking them to rate pain during contractions (Choice D) can also be disruptive and may increase anxiety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because encouraging frequent position changes can help alleviate discomfort during labor by reducing pressure on certain areas and promoting better circulation. This also helps with the progression of labor. Choice A (Offer her an epidural) may be a valid option, but it should not be the first line of intervention for all laboring individuals. Choice C (Explain that she has to care for two other persons) is irrelevant and may increase anxiety. Choice D (Tell them to call someone to come sit with them) does not address the physical discomfort and is not a direct intervention to support the laboring person.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dilute before IV administration. Promethazine is a vesicant and can cause tissue damage if not properly diluted before IV administration. Diluting the medication helps reduce the risk of phlebitis and tissue irritation. Administering it subcutaneously (A) can cause pain and irritation at the injection site. Administering with an opioid (B) can increase the risk of respiratory depression. Administering promethazine in first stage labor (D) is generally safe, but diluting before IV administration is still necessary to prevent adverse effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because nitrous oxide does not affect respiration like an opiate would. Nitrous oxide is a safe option for pain relief during labor because it does not depress the respiratory system. It is self-administered by the laboring person and does not require assistance from the partner. Choices A and B are incorrect because nitrous oxide does not cause respiratory depression in the newborn or the laboring person. Choice D is incorrect because the laboring person holds the mask to their face themselves.