What technique has been shown to decrease pain, encourage movement, and improve labor satisfaction?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hydrotherapy, the correct answer, has been shown to decrease pain, encourage movement, and improve labor satisfaction. Hydrotherapy involves the use of water immersion during labor, which has several benefits. Firstly, the buoyancy of water helps reduce the pressure on the body, making it easier for the laboring person to move and change positions. This movement can help progress labor and reduce discomfort. Additionally, the warmth of the water can help relax muscles and decrease pain sensations, providing natural pain relief. On the other hand, controlled breathing (choice A) is a common technique used during labor to help manage pain, but it may not necessarily encourage movement or improve labor satisfaction to the same extent as hydrotherapy. Aromatherapy (choice B) involves the use of essential oils to create a relaxing environment, but it may not have the same physical benefits as hydrotherapy in terms of pain management and movement encouragement. Massage (choice C) can also be helpful for pain relief and relaxation during labor, but it may not provide the same overall benefits as hydrotherapy in terms of movement and labor satisfaction. In conclusion, while controlled breathing, aromatherapy, and massage can all be beneficial during labor, hydrotherapy has been specifically shown to decrease pain, encourage movement, and improve labor satisfaction, making it the most effective technique among the choices provided.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: C: Dilute before IV administration is the correct answer because promethazine is a vesicant, meaning it can cause tissue damage if it leaks out of the vein during IV administration. Diluting the medication before IV administration helps reduce the risk of tissue injury. It is important for the nurse to follow the proper dilution guidelines provided by the medication manufacturer or hospital policy to ensure safe administration. A: Administer subcutaneously is incorrect because promethazine should not be given subcutaneously. Subcutaneous administration can cause tissue irritation and damage due to the medication's pH and osmolality. It is important to administer promethazine through the correct route to prevent harm to the patient. B: Never administer with an opioid is incorrect because promethazine can be safely administered with opioids in some situations. However, the combination of promethazine with opioids can increase the risk of respiratory depression and other side effects. It is essential for the nurse to monitor the patient closely when administering these medications together. D: Never administer in first stage labor is incorrect because promethazine can be used in the management of nausea and vomiting during labor. However, the nurse should be cautious when administering promethazine in labor as it can cross the placenta and affect the fetus. It is important to assess the risks and benefits of using promethazine in labor on a case-by-case basis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Spinal anesthesia is a technique used to numb a specific region of the body by injecting an anesthetic into the spinal cord. The correct answer is C: renal damage. This is because one of the potential side effects of spinal anesthesia is a decrease in blood pressure, which can lead to decreased perfusion to the kidneys and potential renal damage. Choice A, hypotension, is a common side effect of spinal anesthesia due to the sympathetic blockade caused by the anesthesia. This can lead to a decrease in blood pressure, but it is not directly related to renal damage. Choice B, respiratory depression, is not a common side effect of spinal anesthesia. Respiratory depression is more commonly associated with general anesthesia or opioid medications, not spinal anesthesia. Choice D, infection, is also not a common side effect of spinal anesthesia. Infection can occur at the injection site, but it is not a direct side effect of the anesthesia itself. In summary, renal damage is a potential side effect of spinal anesthesia due to the decrease in blood pressure that can occur. Hypotension, respiratory depression, and infection are not common side effects of spinal anesthesia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: General anesthesia is a medical procedure that allows patients to be unconscious and unaware during surgery. It is essential to consider various factors before administering general anesthesia to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient. Choice A, hyperactive newborns, does not limit the use of general anesthesia. In fact, hyperactivity in newborns is not a contraindication for general anesthesia. It is essential to monitor and manage hyperactivity during the procedure, but it does not necessarily restrict the use of general anesthesia. Choice C, an increase in uterine contractions, is also not a limiting factor for general anesthesia. While it is crucial to consider the effects of anesthesia on uterine contractions during childbirth, it does not necessarily prevent the use of general anesthesia altogether. Choice D, a decrease in cervical dilation, is not a direct limitation of general anesthesia. Cervical dilation is a physiological process that may impact the delivery of a baby but does not specifically restrict the use of general anesthesia. The correct answer is B, newborn respiratory depression. Respiratory depression, or the slowing down of breathing, is a significant concern when administering general anesthesia, especially in newborns. Newborns have underdeveloped respiratory systems, making them more susceptible to respiratory depression under anesthesia. Monitoring and managing respiratory function are crucial during anesthesia to prevent complications such as hypoxia or respiratory failure. Therefore, the potential for newborn respiratory depression limits the use of general anesthesia in this population.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In obstetric triage, it is essential to gather information that can help in assessing the immediate needs and risks of pregnant patients. A 24-hour diet recall is a crucial component of obstetric triage because it provides valuable information about the patient's nutritional status, which can impact maternal and fetal health. By understanding what the patient has consumed over the past day, healthcare providers can assess if the patient is meeting their nutritional needs and address any deficiencies or concerns. History and physical assessment (Choice A) is also important in obstetric triage as it allows healthcare providers to gather information about the patient's medical history, current symptoms, and physical well-being. This information helps in determining the appropriate course of action for the patient's care. Fetal monitoring (Choice B) is typically not a component of obstetric triage as it is more focused on assessing the well-being of the fetus during labor and delivery. While fetal monitoring is crucial in certain situations, such as during labor, it is not typically done during triage assessments. Estimated Due Date (EDD) (Choice C) is important information to have during pregnancy, but it is not a component of obstetric triage. EDD is used to track the progress of pregnancy and plan for labor and delivery but does not provide immediate information that is necessary during a triage assessment. Overall, a 24-hour diet recall is the most essential component of obstetric triage as it provides valuable information about the patient's nutritional status, which can impact maternal and fetal health.