What structure carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The urethra carries urine from bladder to outside final exit (e.g., males ~20 cm, females ~4 cm). Ureters deliver to bladder not outside. Renal pelvis collects not exits. Glomerulus filters not transports. Urethra's external role distinguishes it, key to voiding, unlike internal structures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Water intake is fluid ingested (drinking), food ingested (e.g., fruits), metabolic processes (e.g., oxidation ~300 mL/day). Air inhaled adds minimal water negligible. Excluding food ignores solids wrong. Excluding metabolism omits internal false. Triple mechanism distinguishes it, key to hydration sources, unlike incomplete sets.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: ADH decreases urine production inserts aquaporins, reabsorbs water (e.g., concentrated urine). Increased production opposes diuresis. No change ignores ADH false. Dilute misaligns ADH concentrates. Reduced output distinguishes it, critical for osmoregulation, unlike diuresis or neutral effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) and bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) are the key blood buffer e.g., H₂CO₃ ↔ H + HCO₃⁻ (H-H equation). Water alone doesn't buffer neutral. CO₂/HCO₃⁻ lacks acid form partial. HCO₃⁻/water omits dynamic weak. H₂CO₃/HCO₃⁻ pair distinguishes it, critical for pH control, unlike incomplete sets.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Urochrome is urine's yellow pigment bilirubin breakdown (e.g., normal color). Hemoglobin is blood abnormal in urine. Urea is waste colorless. Uroglobin isn't a term false. Urochrome's pigment role distinguishes it, critical for urine appearance, unlike blood, waste, or nonexistent options.