What structure attaches the ovaries and the uterus to the pelvic wall?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Suspensory ligament. The suspensory ligament attaches the ovaries to the pelvic wall and also contains the ovarian artery, vein, and nerves. This structure supports and suspends the ovaries in the pelvic cavity. The broad ligament (A) is a sheet of peritoneum that connects the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries to the pelvic wall. The mesovarium (B) is a fold of peritoneum that attaches the ovaries to the broad ligament. The ovarian ligament (C) attaches the ovaries to the uterus. Therefore, the suspensory ligament is the correct answer as it specifically connects the ovaries to the pelvic wall.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ovaries. Female gonads are responsible for producing eggs and releasing hormones like estrogen and progesterone. The other choices, A: Testes, are male gonads responsible for producing sperm. B: Vagina is a part of the female reproductive system but not a gonad. C: Cervix is a part of the female reproductive system that connects the uterus to the vagina, but it is not a gonad. Therefore, the correct answer is ovaries as they are the female gonads responsible for egg production and hormone secretion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Uterus. The uterus is a muscular organ located between the bladder and rectum. It plays a crucial role in pregnancy by nurturing and supporting the developing fetus. The other choices (A: Vagina, C: Vulva, D: Ovary) are incorrect because the vagina is a canal leading to the uterus, the vulva is the external genitalia, and the ovary is responsible for producing eggs and hormones. Therefore, the correct answer is the uterus based on its anatomical location and function in the reproductive system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Estrogen replacement therapy is given to relieve the symptoms of menopause because it helps alleviate hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and other menopausal symptoms by replacing the declining estrogen levels in the body. Cervicitis is inflammation of the cervix and is not treated with estrogen therapy. Pregnancy naturally increases estrogen levels and does not require estrogen replacement therapy. Endometriosis is a condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus and is not specifically treated with estrogen replacement therapy. In summary, estrogen replacement therapy is indicated for menopausal symptoms due to declining estrogen levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Seminal vesicle. Seminal vesicles are located just beneath the urinary bladder and produce fluids that aid in nourishment and provide energy to sperm cells. They contribute a significant portion of seminal fluid, which contains nutrients and substances that enhance sperm motility and viability. The other choices are incorrect because: A (Bulbourethral glands) produce pre-ejaculate fluid for lubrication, B (Bartholin's glands) are located near the vaginal opening in females, and D (Prostate gland) produces a fluid that helps with sperm motility and viability but is not located just beneath the urinary bladder.