ATI RN
Current Issues in Maternal and Child Health Questions
Question 1 of 5
What STIs can cause one of the TORCH infections in the fetus?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Syphilis is one of the STIs that can cause one of the TORCH infections in a fetus. TORCH infections are a group of infections that can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus and include toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and syphilis. When a pregnant woman with untreated syphilis transmits the infection to her fetus, it can result in congenital syphilis, which can have serious consequences such as stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, and developmental delays. Syphilis is thus an important infectious cause of prenatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Question 2 of 5
What nursing intervention would the nurse include in the preoperative care plan for a patient scheduled for an outpatient lumpectomy of a fibroadenoma?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is essential to advise the patient to avoid food or drink for at least 2 hours before surgery to reduce the risk of aspiration during the procedure. An empty stomach helps prevent vomiting and aspiration of stomach contents that could potentially lead to respiratory complications during the surgical procedure. This is a crucial preoperative nursing intervention to ensure patient safety and preparation for the lumpectomy surgery. Administering pain and antiemetic medications, arranging for transportation home, and reviewing discharge instructions are important aspects of care but do not directly impact the patient's safety during the procedure like fasting before surgery does.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy. What nursing intervention would they provide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patients receiving chemotherapy often experience nausea and vomiting as common side effects. Antiemetics are medications specifically designed to help manage and prevent these symptoms. By administering antiemetics, the nurse can help the patient feel more comfortable and reduce the risk of dehydration and other complications associated with nausea and vomiting. This intervention is crucial in supporting the patient's overall well-being and enhancing their quality of life during chemotherapy treatment.
Question 4 of 5
What hormonal medication can be used in a premenopausal patient without the concurrent use of ovarian suppression?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tamoxifen is a hormonal medication that can be used in premenopausal patients without the concurrent use of ovarian suppression. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that acts by blocking estrogen receptors in breast tissue, thereby inhibiting the growth of hormone-sensitive breast cancer cells. Tamoxifen is commonly prescribed for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Unlike aromatase inhibitors (e.g., letrozole and exemestane) which require ovarian suppression in premenopausal patients, tamoxifen can be used as monotherapy in premenopausal patients due to its different mechanism of action. Elacestrant is a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) and not commonly used in clinical practice for this indication.
Question 5 of 5
Which step of the nursing process is being used when the nurse decides whether an ethical dilemma exists?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Analysis is the step of the nursing process being used when the nurse decides whether an ethical dilemma exists. During the analysis step, the nurse gathers and interprets data to make sense of a clinical situation. In the case of ethical dilemmas, the nurse would assess the situation, gather relevant information, and analyze it to determine if there is a conflict in values, beliefs, or principles, which would classify it as an ethical dilemma. Once the nurse identifies the existence of an ethical dilemma through analysis, they can then move on to the planning phase to decide on a course of action.