What statement is descriptive of renal transplantation in children?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) It is the preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children. Renal transplantation is considered the preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children because it offers the best chance for a child to lead a near-normal, healthy life. Transplantation provides the opportunity for improved quality of life, growth, and development compared to long-term dialysis. It allows children to have more freedom in terms of diet, fluid intake, and physical activity, enhancing their overall well-being. Option A is incorrect because there is no specific age limit for renal transplantation in children. The decision for transplantation is based on individual medical considerations rather than a set age requirement. Option B is incorrect as children can receive kidneys from both pediatric and adult donors, depending on compatibility and availability. There is no restriction that kidneys must come only from other children. Option D is incorrect because while there are challenges and considerations in deciding on transplantation, such as immunosuppressive therapy and the need for ongoing medical care, many children who undergo successful renal transplants can indeed lead relatively normal and active lives. Educationally, understanding the significance of renal transplantation in children is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with renal disorders. By recognizing the benefits and considerations of transplantation, nurses can provide holistic care, support families through the decision-making process, and promote positive outcomes for children undergoing this procedure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding common conditions related to genitalia is essential. The correct answer to the question, "What is the narrowing of the preputial opening of the foreskin called?" is B) Phimosis. Phimosis is the narrowing of the opening of the foreskin, which can lead to difficulty retracting the foreskin over the glans. This condition can cause issues with hygiene and lead to complications if not addressed. Option A) Chordee is incorrect because it refers to a downward curvature of the penis, not related to the foreskin's narrowing. Option C) Epispadias is a congenital malformation where the urethra opens on the upper surface of the penis, unrelated to foreskin narrowing. Option D) Hypospadias is a condition where the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis, also not related to foreskin narrowing. Educationally, nurses must be able to recognize and differentiate between various genital conditions in children to provide appropriate care and education to families. Understanding the terminology and characteristics of each condition is crucial in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Treatment is necessary to maintain the ability to be fertile when older. Explanation: Cryptorchidism, the condition of undescended testes, should be identified and treated by age 2 to prevent potential complications like infertility and testicular cancer in the future. Timely treatment is crucial for the affected individual to retain fertility as the testes need to descend into the scrotum to function properly. Why other options are incorrect: A) Medical therapy is not effective after this age: This is incorrect because medical therapy can still be effective after age 2, but surgical intervention is usually recommended for cryptorchidism. C) The younger child can tolerate the extensive surgery needed: This is incorrect as surgery for cryptorchidism is not necessarily more tolerable for younger children, and the timing of the surgery is more essential than the age of the child. D) Sexual reassignment may be necessary if treatment is not successful: This is incorrect and an extreme option that is not typically associated with cryptorchidism. Educational context: Understanding the importance of timely identification and treatment of cryptorchidism is crucial for nurses caring for children. This knowledge helps in advocating for early intervention to prevent long-term complications and promote the overall health and well-being of the child. Nurses play a vital role in educating parents about the significance of addressing cryptorchidism early to ensure optimal outcomes for the child's reproductive health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Promote development of normal body image. Repairing congenital defects of the genitourinary tract, such as hypospadias, early in life can promote the child's development of a positive body image. This early intervention can help the child grow up with a sense of normalcy and reduce the impact of the defect on their self-esteem and quality of life. Option A) Minimize separation anxiety is incorrect because repairing the defect early does not directly relate to separation anxiety. Option B) Prevent urinary complications is incorrect because while early repair can prevent future urinary issues, the primary goal of early repair in this context is related to promoting a healthy body image. Option C) Increase acceptance of hospitalization is incorrect because the purpose of early repair is not to increase acceptance of hospitalization but rather to address the physical and psychological impact of the congenital defect. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind early surgical interventions for congenital defects in children is crucial for nursing care, as it informs the holistic care approach needed to support the child's physical and emotional well-being. It highlights the importance of early intervention in promoting positive body image development and overall quality of life for pediatric patients with genitourinary defects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, option B is the correct answer. The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that toilet training should begin when the child has sufficient bladder capacity, which is a key developmental milestone necessary for successful toilet training. This is a crucial factor to consider as the child's ability to control their bladder function is essential for effective toilet training. Option A is incorrect because the age for toilet training can vary among children and is not solely determined by a specific age, such as 3 years old. Option C is incorrect as it suggests that additional surgery may be necessary for continence, which is not typically the case for toilet training. Option D is also incorrect as starting toilet training based on the notion that the child will require additional time is not a reliable or evidence-based approach. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding child development and individual readiness when it comes to toilet training. It emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to consider physiological factors, such as bladder capacity, when advising parents on the appropriate time to initiate toilet training for their child. This knowledge can help promote a positive and successful toilet training experience for both the child and the parents.