What statement describes a controversy associated with the practice of psychiatry?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: the use of involuntary treatment and the potential infringement on personal freedoms. This is because the controversy surrounding psychiatry often involves ethical concerns related to involuntary treatment, such as issues of patient autonomy and civil rights. Involuntary treatment raises questions about the balance between the individual's right to refuse treatment and the need for intervention in cases of severe mental illness. Choice A is incorrect because there is not universal agreement on the efficacy of psychiatric medications across all populations, with debates about effectiveness, side effects, and long-term outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as ethical dilemmas do exist in psychiatric practices, such as confidentiality, informed consent, and conflicts of interest. Choice D is incorrect as psychiatric diagnoses are not always aligned with physical health conditions, and the distinction between mental and physical health is a key aspect of psychiatric practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because during the orientation phase of the nurse-client relationship, the purpose and goals of the interaction are established, setting the foundation for the therapeutic relationship. In contrast, choice A refers to the pre-interaction phase where the roles of both parties are clarified, not the contract itself. Choice C involves the working phase, which focuses on achieving the established goals, not termination conditions. Choice D pertains to the termination phase where the relationship is concluded, not where discharge criteria are set. Therefore, B is correct as it directly relates to the establishment of the purpose of the interaction in the nurse-client contract.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: A client is injured while being forcibly placed in four-point restraints because of low staffing. Rationale: 1. Battery is the intentional harmful or offensive touching of another without consent. 2. Forcibly placing a client in restraints without proper justification or consent can be considered harmful touching, potentially leading to legal jeopardy for battery. 3. Low staffing does not justify improper use of restraints, as it is the responsibility of the nurse to ensure safe and appropriate care for the client. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A. Threatening a client with bodily harm is intimidation and coercion, not physical touching, which is required for battery. C. Giving excess medication due to an error is a medication error, not battery. Reporting and addressing the error is crucial to prevent harm. D. Holding a client against their will due to nonadherence may be related to ethical or legal issues, but it does not involve direct physical touching that constitutes battery.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Obtain the patient's permission for the exchange of information. This is the case manager's first action because it ensures the patient's autonomy and right to privacy are respected. It is crucial to obtain the patient's permission before discussing their treatment plan with the family to maintain trust and confidentiality. Without the patient's consent, sharing sensitive information with the family could breach ethical and legal boundaries. In contrast: A: Determining an appropriate location is important but not the first step. B: Supporting the discussion with examples of the patient's behavior is relevant but not as critical as obtaining consent. D: Deciding which family members should participate is premature without the patient's approval.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it reflects active listening and empathy. The nurse acknowledges the patient's feelings and opens the door for further discussion. Choice A dismisses the patient's feelings and may come off as insensitive. Choice B provides positive reinforcement but overlooks the patient's emotional state. Choice D generalizes the patient's feelings without addressing their specific concerns. Overall, choice C encourages the patient to express their thoughts and promotes therapeutic communication.