What statement best describes social determinants of health (SDOH)?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Assisting the client into a squatting position can help relieve pain and discomfort during labor. Squatting can open up the pelvis, allowing the baby to descend and progress through the birth canal more effectively. This position can also help with gravity-assisted delivery, decreasing the pressure on the mother's back and helping to reduce labor pains. Encouraging various positions during labor can provide comfort and promote optimal positioning for delivery.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The lowest risk for sexually transmitted pelvic inflammatory disease is associated with using a barrier method of contraception, such as condoms. Barrier methods create a physical barrier that helps prevent the exchange of bodily fluids, reducing the risk of transmission of sexually transmitted infections, including pelvic inflammatory disease. Oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, and birth control patches do not provide the same level of protection against sexually transmitted infections as barrier methods like condoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Non-Hispanic White Americans have been reported to have the lowest incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to other ethnicities. Studies have shown that Asian, Hispanic, and African American populations have higher rates of developing GDM during pregnancy. This may be due to genetic predispositions, lifestyle factors, and varying degrees of insulin resistance among different ethnic groups. Therefore, when discussing risk factors for GDM, the community health nurse should identify Non-Hispanic White Americans as having the lowest incidence of GDM.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Fertility awareness methods involve tracking a woman's menstrual cycle to identify the fertile window when pregnancy is most likely to occur. This method does not interfere with future fertility and can be used by individuals who plan to become pregnant in the near future. Since the patient expressed a desire to conceive in one year, fertility awareness methods would be the most appropriate contraceptive option for them.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Headache unrelieved by medication may indicate worsening gestational hypertension or preeclampsia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Birth control pills primarily work by preventing ovulation, thereby inhibiting the release of eggs for fertilization. Choice A is incorrect because birth control pills do not directly block sperm; they prevent ovulation. Choice C is partially correct but is not the main mechanism, as the primary function is to prevent ovulation. Choice D is incorrect because birth control pills do not alter the size of reproductive organs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States. HPV infection, especially high-risk types such as HPV-16, is strongly associated with cervical cancer. Therefore, a client who is positive for HPV type 16 on an HPV screen is at the highest risk for developing cervical cancer among the given choices. The nurse educator would need to emphasize the importance of regular screening, follow-up, and prevention strategies for this client to reduce the risk of cervical cancer development.