ATI RN
Pathophysiology Practice Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
What specific instructions should the nurse provide to ensure proper administration of alendronate (Fosamax) for the treatment of osteoporosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to take the medication with a full glass of water and remain upright for at least 30 minutes. This is important to prevent esophageal irritation and ensure proper absorption. Choice B is incorrect because alendronate should be taken in the morning on an empty stomach, at least 30 minutes before eating or drinking anything other than water. Choice C is incorrect because alendronate should not be taken with milk as it can interfere with its absorption. Choice D is incorrect because alendronate should be taken on an empty stomach, not with food.
Question 2 of 5
A male patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is prescribed finasteride (Proscar). What should the nurse include in the patient education?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) The medication is expected to reduce the size of the prostate, which should improve urinary symptoms over time. This is the most appropriate option to include in patient education for several reasons. Finasteride is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor that works by reducing the production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which helps shrink the enlarged prostate over time. By educating the patient that the medication reduces the size of the prostate, the nurse prepares the patient for the gradual improvement in urinary symptoms, which may take several weeks to months to become fully effective. Option B is incorrect because finasteride does not provide immediate symptom relief, and it usually takes time for the medication to show its full effect. Option C is incorrect as BPH is a chronic condition, and finasteride helps manage symptoms but does not cure the condition. Option D is incorrect as while finasteride can cause sexual side effects like decreased libido, erectile dysfunction is a less common side effect and should not be highlighted as a primary concern in patient education unless the patient specifically asks about it. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to provide accurate information about medications to empower patients to understand their treatment plan, manage expectations, and adhere to therapy effectively. Patient education contributes to medication adherence and better health outcomes by ensuring that individuals have realistic expectations and knowledge about their prescribed treatments.
Question 3 of 5
A male patient receiving androgen therapy is concerned about prostate cancer. What should the nurse explain about the risks associated with this therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Finasteride, a type of androgen therapy, has been shown to reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer. It works by shrinking the prostate gland, which can help lower the risk of developing prostate cancer. However, while it may reduce the risk, regular screening is still recommended to monitor for any potential issues. Choice B is incorrect because finasteride does have an impact on reducing the risk of prostate cancer. Choice C is incorrect as finasteride is not known to increase the risk of developing prostate cancer. Choice D is incorrect as finasteride does have an effect on reducing the risk of prostate cancer.
Question 4 of 5
When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, an alloimmune reaction occurs. In this situation, the mother's immune system recognizes the fetus as foreign due to differences in antigens, leading to an immune response against the fetus. Choice A, 'Autoimmune,' is incorrect because it refers to the immune system mistakenly attacking the body's own cells and tissues. Choice B, 'Anaphylaxis,' is not the correct answer as it is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. Choice D, 'Allergic,' is also incorrect as it refers to an immune response triggered by allergens, not antigens expressed by the fetus.
Question 5 of 5
A 60-year-old male patient presents with severe and persistent pain in his left leg and hip that worsens with activity. After further evaluation, the patient is diagnosed with osteosarcoma. Which of the following is true about osteosarcoma?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer that can be found in any bone but is most commonly located in the long bones of the legs. While it is more prevalent in children and young adults, it can also occur in older individuals like the 60-year-old male patient in this case. Early diagnosis is crucial for a better prognosis in osteosarcoma cases. Therefore, all the statements provided are true regarding osteosarcoma, making option D the correct answer. Option A is accurate as osteosarcoma is more common in children and young adults. Option B is correct as early diagnosis improves the prognosis. Option C is accurate as osteosarcoma is frequently located in the leg bones.