What signs and symptoms should the nurse teach a patient recently diagnosed with hemophilia to recognize?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In educating a patient recently diagnosed with hemophilia, it is crucial to teach them to recognize signs and symptoms to prevent complications. The correct answer is B) Excessive bleeding after minor trauma. This is because hemophilia is a bleeding disorder where the blood does not clot normally, leading to prolonged bleeding even after minor injuries. Recognizing this symptom is vital for the patient to seek prompt medical attention to prevent significant blood loss and potential complications. Option A) Clot formation, especially in the veins of the lower extremities, is incorrect as hemophilia predisposes individuals to bleeding disorders, not clot formation. Option C) Low blood counts and fatigue due to lack of adequate RBC production is incorrect as it describes symptoms of anemia, which is not typically associated with hemophilia. Option D) Anemia, bone pain, and infection are also incorrect as they are not typical signs and symptoms of hemophilia. Educationally, it is important to emphasize to the patient the importance of promptly seeking medical attention if they experience excessive bleeding after minor trauma. Teaching them to recognize this specific symptom can empower them to take control of their health and potentially prevent serious complications associated with hemophilia. Providing clear and detailed education can help the patient better manage their condition and improve their quality of life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the treatment of pernicious anemia, the correct option is C) Parenteral vitamin B12. Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. Therefore, oral supplementation of vitamin B12 would be ineffective as the problem lies in absorption rather than intake. Option A) Oral iron is incorrect because pernicious anemia is not a condition related to iron deficiency. Option B) Oral folic acid is incorrect as folic acid supplementation may mask a vitamin B12 deficiency without treating the root cause. Option D) Oral prednisone is incorrect as it is a steroid medication and not a treatment for pernicious anemia. Educationally, understanding the specific treatment for pernicious anemia is crucial for nursing students and healthcare professionals. Knowing the rationale behind the correct treatment helps in providing effective care to patients with this condition. Administering parenteral vitamin B12 bypasses the absorption issues and ensures that patients receive the necessary nutrient directly.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) Kidneys. The kidneys release erythropoietin, a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. When the kidneys detect low oxygen levels in the blood, they stimulate the production and release of erythropoietin, which then acts on the bone marrow to increase the production of red blood cells. Option A) Pancreas is not the correct answer because the pancreas is mainly involved in producing digestive enzymes and regulating blood sugar levels through the secretion of insulin and glucagon. Option B) Spleen is not the correct answer either as the spleen is primarily involved in filtering the blood, storing red blood cells, and producing antibodies. Option C) Liver is also not the correct answer as the liver plays a role in various functions such as detoxification, protein synthesis, and bile production, but it does not release erythropoietin. Understanding the role of the kidneys in releasing erythropoietin is crucial in the field of hematology as it explains how the body maintains the balance of red blood cells to ensure adequate oxygen delivery to tissues. Knowledge of this process is essential for healthcare professionals, especially in managing conditions related to anemia or erythropoiesis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this Hematology NCLEX question, the correct answer is C) Leukocytes. Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, play a crucial role in the immune system. Specifically, they contain proteins that function as immunologic agents to prevent or modify infectious diseases. These proteins include antibodies, cytokines, and other molecules that help the body fight off pathogens. Option A) Plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances like nutrients, hormones, and waste products. While plasma does contain some proteins involved in immunity, it is not the primary site for immunologic agents in blood. Option B) Erythrocytes are red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport in the body. They do not have a significant role in immune defense and lack the proteins necessary for immunologic functions. Option D) Platelets are cell fragments essential for blood clotting. They are not involved in immune responses and do not contain proteins that function primarily as immunologic agents. Understanding the role of different blood components is vital for healthcare professionals, especially in scenarios where assessing immune function is crucial. Recognizing the specific functions of leukocytes in immunity can guide clinical decision-making and patient care effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In hematology, assessing the tonsil size is important as it can provide valuable information about a client's health. In this scenario, a tonsil size of 2+ indicates that the tonsils extend medially toward the uvula. This means that the tonsils are enlarged but do not touch each other or the uvula. Option A is incorrect because when the tonsils touch the uvula, it would be classified as 3+. Option C is incorrect as it describes tonsils that are almost touching each other, which would also be classified as 3+. Option D is incorrect as visible tonsils are typically classified as 1+. Educationally, understanding the grading system for tonsil size is crucial for assessing the severity of tonsillar enlargement and potential complications. Nurses and healthcare providers must be able to accurately document and communicate this information to facilitate appropriate treatment and follow-up care for clients with tonsillar issues.