What should the nursing care management include for a 7-month-old with a low-grade fever, nasal congestion, and a mild cough?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of a 7-month-old with a low-grade fever, nasal congestion, and a mild cough, the correct nursing care management should include option C: Instilling saline nose drops and bulb suctioning. This is the most appropriate choice because nasal congestion can be distressing for infants and can lead to difficulty breathing and feeding. By using saline nose drops, you can help to loosen the mucus, making it easier to suction out with a bulb syringe, thus improving the infant's breathing and overall comfort. Option A, maintaining strict bedrest, is not recommended for infants with mild respiratory symptoms as it can lead to decreased muscle tone and potential complications such as pneumonia. Infants should still have supervised tummy time and opportunities for movement. Option B, avoiding contact with family members, is unnecessary in this scenario unless a family member is sick to prevent the spread of infection. It is important for infants to have close contact with caregivers for comfort and emotional well-being. Option D, keeping the head of the bed flat, is not ideal for infants with respiratory symptoms as elevating the head of the bed slightly can help improve breathing by reducing nasal congestion and postnasal drip. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to understand the appropriate management of common respiratory symptoms in infants to provide safe and effective care. Teaching parents about the use of saline nose drops and bulb suctioning can empower them to alleviate their child's discomfort at home and know when to seek further medical assistance. This knowledge equips nurses to support families in managing common pediatric respiratory issues.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Change the child to a higher-calorie formula. In pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF), there is a higher metabolic demand due to increased work of breathing and poor nutrient absorption. Therefore, meeting the nutritional needs of infants with CF is crucial for growth and development. Choosing a higher-calorie formula helps ensure that the infant receives adequate calories to support growth despite potential malabsorption issues common in CF. Option A) Increasing the number of fresh fruits and vegetables is not sufficient to meet the high caloric needs of infants with CF. While fruits and vegetables are nutritious, they may not provide the necessary calorie density required. Option B) Advancing the child's diet to whole cow's milk is not recommended for infants with CF because whole cow's milk is difficult to digest and may exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms common in CF, such as malabsorption and diarrhea. Option D) Increasing the child's carbohydrate intake alone may not address the overall increased caloric needs of infants with CF. While carbohydrates are an essential energy source, focusing solely on carbohydrates may not provide the necessary nutrients and calories required for optimal growth in CF. Educationally, it is important to understand the specific nutritional needs of children with chronic conditions like CF to provide appropriate care and support. By choosing a higher-calorie formula, healthcare providers can better ensure that infants with CF receive the necessary nutrients to thrive despite the challenges posed by the disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is option A) A 2-month-old born at 32 weeks' gestation is at the highest risk for requiring hospitalization to treat respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Rationale: 1. Premature infants, especially those born before 35 weeks' gestation, are at higher risk for severe RSV infections due to their immature immune systems and underdeveloped lungs. This places them at increased risk for respiratory distress and complications requiring hospitalization. 2. Option B) A 16-month-old with a tracheostomy is at risk for respiratory complications; however, the highest risk for severe RSV infection leading to hospitalization lies with premature infants due to their vulnerability. 3. Option C) A 3-year-old with a congenital heart defect is at increased risk for respiratory infections, but the highest risk for severe RSV infection requiring hospitalization is in premature infants. 4. Option D) A 4-year-old born at 30 weeks' gestation is also at risk for RSV infection, but the highest risk remains with the 2-month-old born at 32 weeks' gestation due to their younger age and corresponding vulnerability. Educational Context: Understanding the risk factors for severe RSV infection leading to hospitalization is crucial for pediatric nurses. Knowledge of high-risk populations allows nurses to provide targeted education to parents, implement preventative measures, and recognize early signs of respiratory distress in vulnerable infants. This knowledge is essential for delivering optimal care and improving outcomes for pediatric patients with RSV infections.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of a child with an acute asthma exacerbation, the most important laboratory result is an Arterial Blood Gas (ABG). ABG provides crucial information about the child's respiratory status by measuring oxygenation, acid-base balance, and carbon dioxide levels in the blood. In acute asthma, ABG helps assess the severity of respiratory distress, the effectiveness of oxygenation, and the need for interventions like oxygen therapy or ventilatory support. The other options (A) Complete Blood Count (CBC), (C) Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and (D) Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) are not as relevant in assessing respiratory status during an acute asthma exacerbation. A CBC provides information about the child's overall health and immune system but does not directly assess respiratory function. BUN is a measure of kidney function and hydration status, while PTT evaluates blood clotting factors, neither of which directly indicate respiratory status in asthma. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind choosing the correct laboratory test (ABG) is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with respiratory conditions. It enables nurses to interpret results accurately, make informed clinical decisions, and provide timely interventions to optimize patient outcomes in acute situations like asthma exacerbations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the appropriate nursing care management for specific conditions is crucial for providing optimal care to children. In the case of a child diagnosed with mononucleosis, the correct nursing care management is to limit visitors to only family members (Option A). This is the correct choice because mononucleosis is a contagious viral infection spread through saliva, making limiting visitors essential to prevent the spread of the virus to others. This measure helps protect both the child with the illness and others from contracting the infection. Bedrest (Option B) is also an important aspect of managing mononucleosis as it helps the body recover and conserves energy for fighting off the infection. Clear liquids (Option C) are recommended to prevent dehydration and provide essential nutrients. Limited daily fluid intake (Option D) is not appropriate as adequate hydration is important for recovery. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind each care management option enhances a nurse's ability to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients. It also reinforces the importance of infection control measures in preventing the spread of communicable diseases in healthcare settings.