What should the nurse plan to teach about to a patient with Crohn's disease who has megaloblastic anemia?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cobalamin (B ) supplements. Patients with Crohn's disease often have malabsorption issues leading to megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Cobalamin supplements are essential for treating such anemia. Iron dextran infusions (A) and oral ferrous sulfate tablets (B) are used to treat iron deficiency anemia, not megaloblastic anemia. Routine blood transfusions (C) do not address the underlying cause of megaloblastic anemia in Crohn's disease.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: bicarbonate ions. During the alkaline tide, the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl) to aid digestion, which leads to an increase in bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the blood to maintain pH balance. These excess bicarbonate ions are then excreted into the urine, resulting in an alkaline pH. Choice A (HCl) is incorrect because HCl is not excreted into the urine during the alkaline tide. Choice B (H+) is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the process of the alkaline tide. Choice D (phosphate ions) is incorrect as they are not the primary ions excreted to produce an alkaline urine during the alkaline tide.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: cystic duct. The cystic duct directly receives the fluids from the gallbladder and connects it to the common bile duct. The cystic duct is responsible for carrying bile from the gallbladder to the digestive system. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the common bile duct carries a mixture of bile from the liver and gallbladder, the hepatic duct connects the liver to the common bile duct, and the common hepatic duct connects the liver to the gallbladder, respectively. Therefore, the cystic duct is the only duct directly receiving fluids from the gallbladder.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: bile. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes such as amylase and lipase to break down carbohydrates and fats. It also produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. Bile, however, is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not by the pancreas. Therefore, the pancreas does not produce bile. This makes option D the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: amino acids and glucose. Na ions facilitate the absorption of these molecules in the small intestine through the process of co-transport with carrier proteins. Glucose and amino acids are primarily absorbed in the small intestine to be utilized by the body for energy and growth. Na ions help transport these molecules across the intestinal epithelium against their concentration gradients. A: Amino acids and fructose - While Na ions do play a role in the absorption of amino acids, fructose is primarily absorbed through facilitated diffusion and does not require Na ions for absorption. B: Fatty acids and glycerol - Fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed in the small intestine through a different mechanism called micelle formation and do not rely on Na ions for absorption. C: Fatty acids and glucose - While Na ions do play a role in the absorption of glucose, fatty acids are primarily absorbed through micelle formation and do not require Na ions for absorption.