What should the nurse do if Wendy develops moderate hypotension and irregular pulse while receiving aminophylline?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the nurse to take if Wendy develops moderate hypotension and an irregular pulse while receiving aminophylline is option D: Slow the rate of aminophylline administration, monitor vital signs, and notify the physician. This option is the most appropriate because aminophylline is a bronchodilator that can cause side effects like hypotension and arrhythmias. By slowing the administration rate, the nurse can help decrease the likelihood of exacerbating these side effects while continuing to provide the therapeutic benefits of the medication. Option A is incorrect because simply monitoring vital signs without taking action to address the hypotension and irregular pulse is not sufficient when a patient is experiencing adverse effects from a medication. Option B is incorrect because abruptly discontinuing aminophylline can lead to rebound bronchoconstriction in patients who are receiving it for respiratory conditions. Option C is inappropriate because administering epinephrine in this situation could worsen the hypotension and irregular pulse, as epinephrine can further increase heart rate and blood pressure. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the potential side effects of medications like aminophylline and how to appropriately respond to adverse reactions. By being knowledgeable about pharmacology principles and understanding the rationale behind each action, nurses can provide safe and effective care to their patients. This case highlights the importance of careful monitoring, appropriate interventions, and timely communication with the healthcare team when managing medication-related complications in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, option B, ‘I will regain some degree of my sense of smell and taste,’ indicates that Mr. Singer understands his condition after watching the rehabilitation filmstrip. This statement shows insight into the potential outcomes of his condition and the restorative process involved. Option A, ‘I will be able to continue my swimming as usual,’ is incorrect because it does not directly relate to the information provided in a filmstrip about rehabilitation. Option C, ‘I will not be able to bowl anymore,’ is incorrect as it focuses on a specific activity rather than the broader understanding of his condition and recovery. Option D, ‘I will have to give up my tub bath,’ is also incorrect as it does not reflect an understanding of the rehabilitation process and the potential outcomes for Mr. Singer. Educationally, this question assesses the patient's comprehension of their medical condition and the implications of rehabilitation. It highlights the importance of patient education in promoting understanding and active participation in the recovery process. Understanding the potential outcomes and necessary lifestyle adjustments is crucial for patients to make informed decisions and adhere to treatment plans effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In Mr. Ross' case, an audible wheeze in his right lung is most likely caused by an obstruction of the bronchus, making option B the correct answer. Wheezing is a common symptom of obstructive lung diseases like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) where there is narrowing or blockage in the airways. This obstruction leads to turbulent airflow during breathing, producing the characteristic high-pitched wheezing sound. Option A, inflammation of pleural surfaces, is less likely to cause wheezing as it primarily affects the lining around the lungs (pleura) and not the airways directly. Option C, collection of exudate in the pleural cavity, would manifest more as decreased breath sounds rather than wheezing. Option D, dilatation of the alveoli, is associated with conditions like emphysema and would not typically present with wheezing. Understanding the differential causes of respiratory sounds like wheezing is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers in assessing and managing patients with respiratory conditions. Recognizing the specific sound clues can guide appropriate interventions and treatment strategies for better patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In Mr. Ross's plan of care during radiation therapy, the correct option is A) Encouraging him to rest more than usual. Weakness and lethargy are common side effects of radiation therapy, and adequate rest is essential for the body to recover and cope with the treatment's effects. Encouraging rest helps to conserve energy, promote healing, and alleviate symptoms. Option B) Monitoring his intake and output is important for assessing hydration status, but it does not directly address the issue of weakness and lethargy. Option C) Helping him accept his condition is a psychosocial aspect and may be important in the overall care plan but does not directly address his current physical symptoms. Option D) Checking his blood pressure daily is not specifically related to addressing weakness and lethargy during radiation therapy. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing common side effects of radiation therapy, such as weakness and lethargy, to optimize patient care and outcomes. It emphasizes the role of supportive care measures, like adequate rest, in managing treatment-related symptoms and promoting patient well-being during cancer therapy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In understanding the phases of pain transmission, it is crucial to recognize the specific processes involved in each phase. The correct answer to the question is option C) Transmission. This phase is characterized by peripheral nerve fibers forming synapses with neurons in the spinal cord and the subsequent movement of pain impulses from the spinal cord to various regions in the brain, including the reticular activating system, limbic system, thalamus, and ultimately the cerebral cortex. Option A) Modulation refers to the phase where neurons in the brain and spinal cord amplify or dampen the pain signals. Option B) Transduction involves the conversion of noxious stimuli into electrical impulses at the peripheral nerve endings. Option D) Perception is the phase where the brain interprets and recognizes the pain signals. Educationally, understanding the phases of pain transmission is crucial in pharmacology as it guides healthcare professionals in selecting appropriate interventions targeting specific phases to manage pain effectively. Knowledge of these phases helps in choosing the most suitable pharmacological agents that act at different points in the pain transmission pathway to provide optimal pain relief for patients.