What should the nurse closely monitor for in a client who has undergone surgery for otosclerosis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In a client who has undergone surgery for otosclerosis, the nurse should closely monitor for abnormal facial nerve function. Otosclerosis is a condition affecting the bones of the middle ear, specifically the stapes bone. During surgery to correct otosclerosis, there is a risk of damage to the facial nerve which passes through the middle ear. Monitoring for abnormal facial nerve function is crucial as any damage can lead to facial paralysis or weakness. Option A, hypotension, is not directly related to surgery for otosclerosis unless there are specific complications during or after the procedure. Option B, nausea and vomiting, may occur postoperatively but are not specific to surgery for otosclerosis. Option C, decreased urine output, is more relevant in monitoring renal function or fluid balance, which are not primary concerns in this surgical context. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind monitoring for abnormal facial nerve function post-surgery for otosclerosis highlights the importance of assessing for potential complications specific to the procedure. It reinforces the need for specialized knowledge and vigilance in postoperative care to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The initial management for a foreign body in the eye is option A) Irrigation. This is the correct answer because irrigation helps to flush out the foreign body from the eye, reducing the risk of further damage or infection. Irrigation with saline solution or sterile water is a standard first aid measure recommended by healthcare professionals for eye injuries involving foreign objects. Option B) Surgical removal is not the initial management for a foreign body in the eye unless the object is deeply lodged and cannot be flushed out with irrigation. Surgical removal is a more invasive procedure that is typically reserved for more complicated cases. Option C) Topical antibiotics are not the first-line treatment for a foreign body in the eye. While antibiotics may be prescribed if an infection develops, they do not address the immediate need to remove the foreign object from the eye. Option D) Observation is not appropriate for a foreign body in the eye as leaving the object in the eye can lead to complications such as corneal abrasions, infections, or impaired vision. Immediate action is necessary to prevent further damage. In an educational context, it is important for healthcare professionals to be knowledgeable about the appropriate management of eye injuries, including foreign bodies. Prompt and correct intervention can prevent complications and promote optimal outcomes for the patient. Teaching proper first aid measures like irrigation for foreign bodies in the eye is essential for healthcare providers and individuals to respond effectively in emergency situations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and ophthalmology, understanding the causes of acute angle-closure glaucoma is crucial. The correct answer to the question, "What is the most common cause of acute angle-closure glaucoma?" is A) Pupil block. In acute angle-closure glaucoma, the drainage angle of the eye becomes blocked, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. Pupil block occurs when the iris is pushed forward, causing the peripheral iris to block the trabecular meshwork, the drainage system of the eye. This blockage prevents the aqueous humor from draining properly, resulting in a rapid increase in intraocular pressure. Lens dislocation (option B) is not a common cause of acute angle-closure glaucoma. While trauma (option C) and infection (option D) can lead to secondary angle-closure glaucoma, they are not the most common cause of acute angle-closure glaucoma. In an educational context, understanding the pathophysiology of acute angle-closure glaucoma and its most common cause, pupil block, is essential for healthcare professionals, especially those involved in pharmacology and ophthalmology. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of acute angle-closure glaucoma and understanding its underlying mechanisms can help in prompt diagnosis and management to prevent potential vision loss.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and neurology, understanding the etiology of optic neuritis is crucial. Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve, which can cause vision loss or impairment. The most common cause of optic neuritis is multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerves, including the optic nerve, leading to inflammation and damage. Option A, multiple sclerosis, is the correct answer because optic neuritis is a common early symptom of MS. It is estimated that up to 50% of individuals with MS will experience optic neuritis at some point during their illness. Therefore, understanding this association is key in diagnosing and managing both conditions. Options B and C, infections and trauma, are incorrect causes of optic neuritis. While infections or trauma can lead to inflammation of the optic nerve, they are not the most common causes. Infections such as syphilis or viral illnesses can cause optic neuritis, but they are less prevalent than MS. Trauma, while a potential cause, is less common than MS in the development of optic neuritis. Educationally, recognizing the relationship between optic neuritis and MS is essential for healthcare professionals, especially pharmacologists. It informs them about the potential neurological manifestations of MS and the importance of early detection and treatment. This knowledge can guide the selection of appropriate pharmacological interventions to manage both optic neuritis and MS effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the importance of affective touching in nursing practice is crucial for providing holistic patient care. The correct answer, A) It may lead to misunderstandings or discomfort, highlights the need for nurses to use affective touching cautiously. Affective touching involves emotional connections and can be misinterpreted by patients, leading to discomfort or boundary violations. Nurses must prioritize patient comfort and professional boundaries in their practice. Option B) It involves the contact required for nursing procedures, is incorrect because it refers to procedural touching rather than affective touching, which is more about emotional support and comfort. Option C) It is used therapeutically when a client is lonesome, while touching can be therapeutic, affective touching should always be approached cautiously to avoid any misunderstandings or discomfort. Option D) It involves the touch used for sensory-deprived clients, is incorrect as it focuses on a specific population rather than the general principle of using affective touching cautiously with all patients. Educationally, nurses need to be aware of the impact of affective touching on patients' emotional well-being and the importance of maintaining professional boundaries. By understanding the potential risks associated with affective touching, nurses can ensure that their actions promote trust, respect, and safety in the nurse-patient relationship.