What should children do to help stop the spread of influenza in the classroom?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Wash their hands after sneezing. This is the right choice because handwashing is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of influenza and other infectious diseases. When children wash their hands after sneezing, they help remove any germs that may be present on their hands, reducing the risk of spreading the virus to others. Option A) Stay home if they have a runny nose and cough is not the best choice in this scenario because not all runny noses and coughs are due to influenza. It is important to teach children good hygiene habits even when they are not feeling ill to prevent the spread of germs. Option B) Wash their hands after using the restroom is a good hygiene practice but may not be as effective in preventing the spread of influenza compared to washing hands after sneezing, which directly addresses the potential transmission of the virus through respiratory droplets. Option D) Have a flu shot annually is an important preventive measure against influenza, but in the context of stopping the spread within the classroom, immediate actions like handwashing after sneezing play a more significant role. Educationally, this question emphasizes the importance of teaching children proper hygiene practices to prevent the spread of infectious diseases like influenza. It highlights the role of individual actions in a communal setting, showing how small actions can have a significant impact on public health. By understanding and practicing these behaviors, children can contribute to creating a healthier classroom environment for themselves and their peers.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) As soon as she resumes sexual activity. This recommendation is based on the fact that ovulation can occur before the first postpartum menstrual period, making it possible for the client to conceive even before menstruation resumes. It is crucial for the client to start using birth control as soon as she becomes sexually active again to prevent unintended pregnancies. Option A) Within 6 weeks is incorrect because the client can resume ovulation before this time frame, so waiting until 6 weeks postpartum may not provide adequate protection against pregnancy. Option B) Within 18 months is incorrect as this timeframe does not align with the client's desire to wait until her second child is at least 2 years old before becoming pregnant again. Option C) As soon as she stops breastfeeding is incorrect because the resumption of ovulation can occur even while breastfeeding, especially as the frequency and duration of breastfeeding decrease over time. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding postpartum contraception and the potential for ovulation to resume before the return of menstruation. It emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to counsel clients effectively on the appropriate timing to initiate birth control to meet their reproductive goals.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) It is used to measure protein metabolism. Rationale: PKU testing is performed on newborns to screen for phenylketonuria, a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to break down the amino acid phenylalanine found in protein-containing foods. This test is crucial as early detection and intervention can prevent severe developmental issues. By measuring protein metabolism through this test, healthcare providers can identify infants at risk for PKU and initiate dietary modifications to prevent long-term complications. Option A) It detects thyroid deficiency: This is incorrect as PKU testing specifically screens for phenylketonuria and not thyroid disorders. Option B) It reveals possible brain damage: While untreated PKU can lead to brain damage due to the accumulation of phenylalanine, the primary purpose of PKU testing is to detect the metabolic disorder rather than assessing brain damage directly. Option D) It identifies chromosomal damage: PKU testing is not designed to identify chromosomal abnormalities but focuses on detecting disorders related to protein metabolism. Educational Context: Understanding the rationale behind PKU testing is crucial for nurses caring for newborns as it highlights the significance of early screening and intervention in preventing long-term complications associated with phenylketonuria. Nurses play a vital role in educating parents about the purpose of newborn screenings like PKU testing, emphasizing the importance of timely detection and management of metabolic disorders to promote optimal child development.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Encourage your child to lie on their left side with elevated head of the bed." Rationale: Lying on the left side with an elevated head of the bed helps to improve lung expansion and ventilation in the right lower lobe, which is affected by pneumonia. This position allows for better drainage of secretions and promotes optimal oxygenation. Option A: "Place child in Trendelenberg position" is incorrect because this position, where the bed is tilted with the head lower than the feet, is not recommended for pneumonia as it can cause increased pressure on the lungs and compromise breathing. Option B: "Place the child in prone position" is not ideal for pneumonia as it can increase the risk of aspiration and may not provide adequate lung expansion in the affected area. Option C: "Encourage your child to lie on the right side with elevated head of the bed" is incorrect because lying on the right side may further compromise the right lower lobe affected by pneumonia and hinder effective lung aeration. Educational Context: Understanding the optimal positioning for improved lung aeration in pediatric patients with pneumonia is crucial for nurses caring for these children. By knowing the rationale behind the correct positioning, nurses can educate parents on how to support their child's respiratory function and recovery effectively. This knowledge is essential for providing safe and evidence-based care to pediatric patients with respiratory conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "You should administer five back blows followed by five chest thrusts." This response is the most appropriate because for a child under 1 year old, the recommended first aid technique for choking is a series of five back blows followed by five chest thrusts. This technique is specifically designed for infants to dislodge the obstructing object and clear the airway without causing harm. Option A suggests administering abdominal thrusts, which are not recommended for infants as they can cause harm to their delicate bodies. Option B advises trying to retrieve the object manually, which can potentially push the object further down the airway. Option C mentions the Heimlich maneuver, which is suitable for conscious adults or older children but not recommended for infants due to the risk of injury. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to be well-versed in pediatric first aid techniques, especially for common emergencies like choking. By understanding and correctly applying the appropriate interventions, nurses can help save lives and prevent further complications in pediatric patients. Training and regular practice of these skills are essential for healthcare professionals working with pediatric populations.