Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because assessing capillary refill indicates adequate blood flow, warm toes suggest good circulation, and no discomfort indicates proper alignment and fit of the cast. Choice B is incorrect as posterior tibial pulses are not directly related to cast assessment. Choice C is incorrect as moist skin and pain threshold are not specific to cast assessment. Choice D is incorrect as discomfort of the metacarpals is not a comprehensive assessment of a cast.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Creatinine. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and excreted by the kidneys. An elevated creatinine level indicates impaired kidney function, making it a key indicator for early detection of renal failure. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) can also be elevated in renal failure, but creatinine is a more specific and sensitive marker. Sodium and potassium levels are not directly related to renal failure detection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because assessing capillary refill indicates adequate blood flow, warm toes suggest good circulation, and no discomfort indicates proper alignment and fit of the cast. Choice B is incorrect as posterior tibial pulses are not directly related to cast assessment. Choice C is incorrect as moist skin and pain threshold are not specific to cast assessment. Choice D is incorrect as discomfort of the metacarpals is not a comprehensive assessment of a cast.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer oxygen. After a craniotomy, the client may experience decreased oxygen levels due to the surgical procedure, anesthesia, or potential complications. Administering oxygen helps ensure adequate oxygenation to the brain and tissues. Placing the client in a supine or Trendelenburg position can increase intracranial pressure, which is contraindicated post-craniotomy. Monitoring for arrhythmias is important, but ensuring oxygenation takes precedence as hypoxia can have immediate detrimental effects on brain function.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct hand position for performing chest vibration is to spread the fingers. This allows for a larger surface area of contact with the chest, promoting effective transmission of vibrations to loosen chest secretions. Flattening the hands would reduce the effectiveness of the vibrations by limiting contact area. Cupping the hands creates a smaller contact area and may concentrate the pressure too much in one spot, potentially causing discomfort or injury. Therefore, spreading the fingers is the optimal hand position for chest vibration technique.