ATI RN
Introduction to Nursing Final Exam Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
What safety measure should the nurse observe for a client with a urinary catheter?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Keep a closed sterile drainage system. This is crucial to prevent infection by maintaining a closed system, reducing the risk of introducing bacteria into the bladder. The closed system prevents ascending infection. Choice B is incorrect because routine catheter irrigation can introduce pathogens into the bladder. Choice C is incorrect because keeping the bag lower than the bed can lead to reflux of urine back into the bladder, increasing the risk of infection. Choice D is incorrect because while measuring intake and output is important for monitoring fluid balance, it is not a direct safety measure for catheter care.
Question 2 of 5
What is not a part of a needle in a syringe?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gauge. The gauge refers to the thickness of the needle itself and is not a part of the needle. The hub is where the needle attaches to the syringe, the shaft is the long portion of the needle, and the bevel is the slanted tip for easier insertion. Gauge is a measurement of the needle's thickness and is not a physical component of the needle itself. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
What does a lab report showing RBC 5M/mm3, WBC 12,000/mm3, Platelet 200,000/mm3, and prothrombin time of 11 seconds suggest?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The lab values indicate a high WBC count (12,000/mm3) suggesting an elevated immune response, typical in infections. The RBC count (5M/mm3) and platelet count (200,000/mm3) are within normal range ruling out dehydration and polycythemia. The prothrombin time of 11 seconds is also normal. Therefore, the most likely interpretation is an infection. Dehydration would show high RBC count and high platelet count, polycythemia would show high RBC count, and leukopenia would show low WBC count.
Question 4 of 5
0.9 normal saline solution had been infusing at 100 mL/hour via a central line catheter in the right internal jugular for approximately 12 hours to increase urine output and maintain the client's blood pressure. Upon entering the Justine’s room, the you noted that the client is breathing rapidly and coughing. For which additional signs of a complication should the nurse assess based on the previously known data?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Crackles in the lungs. Rapid breathing and coughing can indicate fluid overload, a potential complication of infusing 0.9% saline solution. Crackles in the lungs suggest pulmonary edema, a serious consequence of fluid overload. Assessing for crackles in the lungs is crucial for early detection and intervention. Incorrect Choices: A: Excessive bleeding is not directly related to infusing saline solution. C: Incompatibility of the infusion is unlikely as 0.9% saline is a standard solution. D: Chest pain radiating to the left arm is more indicative of cardiac issues like a heart attack, not fluid overload.
Question 5 of 5
Mrs. Sales also tells the nurse that she is often constipated. Because she is aging, what physical changes predispose her to constipation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Loss of tone of the smooth muscles of the colon. As individuals age, the smooth muscles of the colon can lose their tone, resulting in slower peristalsis and decreased bowel movements, leading to constipation. This physical change is a common factor contributing to constipation in older adults. A: Inhibition of the parasympathetic reflex is not directly related to constipation in aging individuals. Parasympathetic stimulation usually promotes bowel movements. B: Esophageal emptying hastening is not relevant to constipation. Esophageal emptying refers to the movement of food from the esophagus into the stomach, not the colon. D: Decreased ability to absorb fluids in the lower intestines is not a typical physical change associated with aging that predisposes individuals to constipation. Constipation is more commonly linked to issues with colonic motility rather than fluid absorption.