ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Proctored Exam 2024 Questions
Question 1 of 5
What route is Montelukast administered?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Montelukast is commonly administered orally, which stands for "per os" meaning by mouth. This medication is available in tablet, chewable tablet, and oral granule formulations for easy ingestion. It is not administered intravenously (IV), intramuscularly (IM), or subcutaneously (SubQ) as it is primarily used for oral administration to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Question 2 of 5
The diagnostic triad of morphine overdose consists of:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The diagnostic triad of morphine overdose includes coma, depressed respiration, and pinpoint pupils. Coma occurs due to the central nervous system depression caused by morphine. Depressed respiration is a common symptom of opioid overdose, leading to respiratory distress and potential respiratory failure. Pinpoint pupils, also known as miosis, are a classic sign of opioid overdose and result from the effect of morphine on the autonomic nervous system. These three symptoms together are characteristic of a morphine overdose and indicate a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment.
Question 3 of 5
A patient who takes high-dose aspirin to treat arthritis will need to take prednisone to treat an acute flare of symptoms. What action will the nurse perform?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prednisone is a corticosteroid medication that can cause side effects such as fluid retention, electrolyte imbalance, and increased blood pressure. On the other hand, high-dose aspirin, especially when taken for arthritis, can have blood-thinning effects that may also contribute to lowering blood pressure. Given these potential effects of both medications, the nurse should be vigilant for the development of hypotension in the patient. Monitoring for signs and symptoms of low blood pressure, such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and weakness, is crucial in this situation to ensure the patient's safety.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse administers an adrenergic blocking agent in order to prevent release of what neurotransmitter?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adrenergic blocking agents prevent norepinephrine from being released from the adrenal medulla or from the nerve terminal from activating the receptor, which blocks sympathetic nervous system effects. Epinephrine, serotonin, and GABA are not associated with this process. Norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter targeted by these agents, as it plays a key role in the sympathetic nervous system's fight-or-flight response.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is receiving 10 mEq of potassium chloride in 100 mL of normal saline intravenously (IV) to infuse over 1 hour via infusion pump. The patient has a 22-gauge peripheral IV in his right forearm and reports pain at the insertion site; the nurse notes that the site is reddened, warm, and tender to the touch. Which action would the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient's symptoms of pain, redness, warmth, and tenderness at the IV site indicate possible infiltration or phlebitis, which can lead to tissue damage or infection. The nurse should stop the infusion and discontinue the IV immediately to prevent further complications. Aspirating and slowing the rate (A) is inappropriate in this situation. Inserting a central line (B) is not the immediate priority. Applying warm compresses (D) may be done after discontinuing the IV, but it is not the first action.