ATI RN
Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What role do the teeth play in digestion?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: mechanical digestion. Teeth play a crucial role in breaking down food into smaller pieces through physical chewing, which is a form of mechanical digestion. This process increases the surface area of food particles, making it easier for enzymes to further break down nutrients during chemical digestion in the stomach and intestines. Choice A (chemical digestion) is incorrect because teeth do not directly participate in chemical breakdown of food. Choice C (enzymatic digestion) is incorrect as enzymes are not produced by teeth but by salivary glands and other digestive organs. Choice D (absorption) is incorrect as teeth are not involved in absorbing nutrients; absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine.
Question 2 of 5
A tumor producing large amounts of gastrin DOES NOT include:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperplasia of gastric mucosal lymphocytes. In a tumor producing large amounts of gastrin, hyperplasia of gastric epithelium (choice A) is expected due to increased gastrin stimulation. Excessive gastric acid secretion (choice C) is also expected as gastrin stimulates acid production. Histamine secretion in the gastric mucosa (choice D) can occur as histamine is released in response to gastrin. However, hyperplasia of gastric mucosal lymphocytes (choice B) is not a direct consequence of increased gastrin levels. Lymphocyte hyperplasia is more commonly associated with chronic inflammation or infection rather than gastrin overproduction.
Question 3 of 5
GIT hormones with a major effect on the stomach include the following except:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secretin is the correct answer because it is not a hormone that directly affects the stomach. Gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion, GIP enhances insulin release, and neurotensin regulates gastric motility. Secretin primarily targets the pancreas and liver, stimulating the release of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice. This hormone does not have a direct major effect on the stomach like the other options. Therefore, Secretin is the exception among the listed GIT hormones affecting the stomach.
Question 4 of 5
During the gastric phase of digestion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Gastric phase starts when food enters the stomach. 2. Chemoreceptors detect bolus composition to initiate gastric secretions. 3. This detection triggers release of gastric juices for digestion. 4. Neural stimulation also occurs during gastric phase, but not exclusively. 5. Contractility increases during gastric phase for mixing and churning. In summary, choice C is correct as chemoreceptors detect bolus composition during the gastric phase, while the other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the physiological processes during this phase.
Question 5 of 5
Primary carcinoma is least common in:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: small intestine. Primary carcinoma is least common in the small intestine compared to the other choices. This is because the small intestine has a lower incidence of cancer compared to the esophagus, stomach, and colon. Factors contributing to this lower incidence include less exposure to carcinogens, a relatively smaller surface area, and less common inflammatory conditions that can lead to cancer development. Additionally, the small intestine has a more rapid turnover of cells, reducing the likelihood of cancerous mutations accumulating. Therefore, the small intestine is the least common site for primary carcinoma among the options provided.