What provocative maneuver is used to test for lateral epicondylitis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cozen's test. This test is used to assess for lateral epicondylitis by asking the patient to make a fist, pronate the forearm, radially deviate the wrist, and extend the elbow against resistance. Pain over the lateral epicondyle indicates a positive test. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Empty can test is used to assess for supraspinatus tendon injury. B: Valgus stress test is used to assess for medial collateral ligament injury of the elbow. C: Elbow flexion test is not a specific test for lateral epicondylitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Elbow. Pediatric patients commonly dislocate their elbows due to falls on outstretched hands. The elbow joint is inherently unstable in children due to the immature musculature and ligamentous structures. This vulnerability increases the likelihood of dislocation. Shoulder dislocations are more common in adults due to trauma or overuse. Hip dislocations are rare in pediatric patients. Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint dislocations are also uncommon compared to elbow dislocations in children. Therefore, the elbow joint is the most commonly dislocated joint among pediatric patients due to its unique anatomy and susceptibility to injury.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Incentive spirometry. This device encourages patients to take deep breaths by providing visual feedback, helping prevent postoperative complications like atelectasis. A: Pulse oximeter and B: Heart rate monitor measure vital signs but do not provide visual feedback for deep inspiration. D: Mirror does not actively assist in deep breathing exercises.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Phase 1. This phase is the medically acute inpatient cardiac rehabilitation phase focused on initial evaluation, stabilization, and education post-cardiac event. Phase 2 involves early outpatient exercise and education, Phase 3 is the maintenance phase, and Phase 4 is long-term independent exercise. Phase 1 is crucial for monitoring and managing acute cardiac issues, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hydrotherapy. Deep heat modalities like ultrasound, shortwave diathermy, and microwave diathermy utilize various forms of electromagnetic waves to penetrate tissues and provide therapeutic heat. Hydrotherapy, on the other hand, involves the therapeutic use of water in various forms like whirlpools, hot/cold packs, and steam baths, but it does not deliver deep heat through electromagnetic waves. Therefore, hydrotherapy is not considered a deep heat modality. Ultrasound, shortwave diathermy, and microwave diathermy are all examples of deep heat modalities commonly used in physical therapy for tissue healing and pain management.