ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
What procedure uses a catheter to open up a blocked or narrowed coronary artery, often involving the placement of a stent?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Angioplasty. During angioplasty, a catheter with a balloon at its tip is inserted into the blocked or narrowed coronary artery to widen the artery and improve blood flow. This procedure often involves the placement of a stent to help keep the artery open. Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure compared to a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), which requires open-heart surgery. Echocardiogram and CT angiography are diagnostic imaging tests and do not involve the insertion of a catheter to treat a blocked or narrowed coronary artery.
Question 2 of 5
What is the procedure where a device is used to shock the heart back into a normal rhythm during a life-threatening arrhythmia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Defibrillation is the correct answer as it is the procedure where an electrical device delivers a shock to the heart to restore normal rhythm during a life-threatening arrhythmia. This shock helps reset the heart's electrical activity. Cardioversion (B) is similar but used for less severe arrhythmias. Echocardiogram (C) is an imaging test to assess heart function, not a treatment. Ablation (D) is a procedure to destroy abnormal heart tissue causing arrhythmias but not used for immediate life-threatening situations like defibrillation.
Question 3 of 5
Which test measures how well the lungs work by assessing the amount of air the lungs can hold and how quickly air can be exhaled?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Spirometry. Spirometry measures lung function by evaluating lung capacity and airflow. It assesses vital parameters like Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), providing valuable insights into lung health. Pulse oximetry (B) measures oxygen saturation, not lung function. Arterial blood gas (C) evaluates blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, not lung capacity. Chest X-ray (D) shows lung structure, not lung function. Therefore, Spirometry is the most appropriate test for assessing lung function.
Question 4 of 5
What is a condition where the lung's air sacs become inflamed and fill with fluid or pus, causing cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumonia. Pneumonia is characterized by inflammation and fluid or pus accumulation in the lung's air sacs. This leads to symptoms such as cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Tuberculosis (B) is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs but does not always involve fluid accumulation. Asthma (C) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and bronchospasms, not fluid-filled air sacs. Bronchitis (D) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not the air sacs in the lungs.
Question 5 of 5
Which condition is characterized by the weakening and rupture of the walls of the alveoli in the lungs, reducing the surface area available for gas exchange?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Emphysema is characterized by weakening and rupture of alveoli walls, reducing gas exchange surface area. This leads to shortness of breath and decreased oxygen levels. Bronchitis involves inflammation of bronchial tubes, not alveoli. Atelectasis is the collapse of lung tissue, not alveoli weakening. Pulmonary fibrosis is scarring of lung tissue, not alveoli rupture. Therefore, A is correct due to its direct association with alveoli damage.