What pressure will be present in the space labeled '4'?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: intrapleural pressure. Intrapleural pressure refers to the pressure within the pleural cavity, which is the space between the lungs and chest wall. This pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, allowing the lungs to remain inflated. In space labeled '4', the pressure should be intrapleural pressure since it represents the pleural cavity. A: Alveolar pressure is the pressure within the alveoli of the lungs, not in the pleural cavity. B: Interpleural pressure is not a term commonly used in respiratory physiology. C: Subalveolar pressure is not a recognized term in respiratory physiology.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: If the dorsal respiratory group of neurons in the medulla oblongata were destroyed bilaterally, a person would stop breathing. This group is responsible for initiating inspiration by sending signals to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Without this neural input, the respiratory centers in the brainstem would not receive the necessary signals to stimulate breathing. Pulmonary ventilation would not increase markedly or the respiratory minute volume increase because the primary issue is the lack of neural drive for breathing, not an overstimulation of the respiratory system. Tidal volumes would not decrease as a direct consequence of destroying the dorsal respiratory group; it would lead to cessation of breathing altogether.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: bronchopulmonary segment. This segment of the lung is supplied by its own tertiary bronchus, allowing for independent ventilation. Bronchopulmonary segments are functional units of the lung with their own blood supply and bronchial branches. B: Pulmonary lobule is incorrect as it refers to a small unit of lung tissue surrounded by connective tissue septa. C: Interpulmonary segment is not a recognized term in anatomy. D: Respiratory segment is not a specific anatomical term related to the lung's bronchial divisions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: bronchi. After entering the lungs, the trachea divides into two smaller tubes known as the bronchi, which further divide into bronchioles. The bronchi are responsible for conducting air into the lungs. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the trachea does not divide into another trachea, micro trachea is not a known anatomical structure, and the eustachian tube is not part of the respiratory system but instead connects the middle ear to the throat.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The pharynx is divided into three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. The nasopharynx connects the nasal cavity to the oropharynx, which connects to the oral cavity, and then the laryngopharynx connects to the esophagus and larynx. Therefore, the correct answer is A (3 parts). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the pharynx is not subdivided into 2, 4, or 5 parts based on its anatomical structure.