What precaution should the nurse take when administering intravenous electrolyte solution?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The nurse should prevent infiltration of calcium to avoid tissue necrosis and sloughing. Infiltration of calcium can lead to severe tissue damage due to its caustic nature. Therefore, the nurse should be vigilant in monitoring the IV site and ensuring proper placement to prevent this complication. Choice A is incorrect because infusing hypertonic solutions rapidly can lead to fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances. Choice B is incorrect because exceeding the recommended amount of potassium per liter of fluid can result in hyperkalemia, which can be dangerous. Choice D is incorrect because calcium does not diminish digitalis's action; in fact, calcium can potentiate the effects of digitalis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: decrease maternal fluids. When fetal distress is indicated, decreasing maternal fluids helps prevent further stress on the fetus by reducing the volume of amniotic fluid. This can help improve blood flow to the placenta and oxygen delivery to the baby. Increasing maternal fluids (choice A) can worsen the situation by potentially increasing amniotic fluid volume and further compromising fetal oxygenation. Administering oxygen (choice B) is important to improve oxygen supply to the fetus. Turning the mother (choice D) can help relieve pressure on the baby but is not the primary action when fetal distress is indicated.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alopecia. MOPP therapy for Hodgkin's disease commonly causes hair loss (alopecia), which directly affects body image. This is due to the impact on a person's physical appearance, leading to changes in self-perception and confidence. Cushingoid appearance (A) is a side effect of prolonged corticosteroid use, not typically associated with MOPP therapy. Temporary or permanent sterility (C) and pathologic fractures (D) are potential side effects of other cancer treatments but are not directly related to altering body image.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: small intestine. This is because the small intestine is where the majority of nutrient absorption takes place due to its large surface area and presence of villi for absorption. The stomach (A) primarily functions in digestion, not absorption. The pancreas (B) produces digestive enzymes but does not directly absorb nutrients. The gallbladder (D) stores bile produced by the liver to aid in digestion but does not participate in absorption directly.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because polio, pertussis, and measles are highly infectious diseases that can have severe consequences if not prevented through vaccination. Polio can cause paralysis, pertussis can be fatal in infants, and measles can lead to complications like pneumonia and encephalitis. Emphasizing these vaccines can significantly reduce the risk of outbreaks and protect public health. Choice A is incorrect because HPV and genital herpes are sexually transmitted infections, and although important, they are not typically prevented through vaccines like polio, pertussis, and measles. Choice B is incorrect because pneumonia, HIV, and mumps, while serious diseases, do not have vaccines that are as universally recommended for prevention as polio, pertussis, and measles. Choice C is incorrect because syphilis and gonorrhea are sexually transmitted infections, and pneumonia is not typically prevented through vaccination as effectively as polio, pertussis, and measles.