What practice is being implemented by the occupational health nurse (OHN) who periodically conducts spirometry testing of employees working with hazardous gases?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. Spirometry testing by the OHN aims to detect early signs of respiratory issues in employees exposed to hazardous gases, preventing further health deterioration. This falls under secondary prevention, as it involves early detection and intervention to reduce the impact of the disease. Primary prevention (A) focuses on preventing disease before it occurs, while tertiary prevention (C) and tertiary care (D) are aimed at managing and treating existing health conditions. Conducting spirometry testing aligns with the goal of secondary prevention, making it the most suitable choice in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Apply the Oberle and Raffin model. This model involves four steps: recognizing the ethical issue, reflecting on personal values, considering the ethical principles, and applying the model to make a decision. It is crucial for the public health nurse to approach the situation ethically, considering the well-being of the child and the community. Discussing with colleagues or consulting with a friend who also does not vaccinate may introduce bias and not provide a comprehensive ethical perspective. Starting a research study does not directly address the immediate ethical dilemma the nurse is facing. By following the Oberle and Raffin model, the nurse can navigate the ethical dilemma in a systematic and ethical manner.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Interdisciplinary collaboration in home health nursing does not negate holistic nursing practice. It enhances it by bringing together various professionals to address the client's physical, emotional, and social needs comprehensively. 2. Collaboration prevents fragmentation of care by ensuring that all aspects of the client's well-being are considered and addressed collectively. 3. Holistic nursing involves viewing the client as a whole person and addressing all aspects of their health, which can be best achieved through collaboration with other disciplines. 4. Choice A acknowledges the importance of holistic nursing while also emphasizing the necessity of working with other disciplines to provide optimal care. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: This choice inaccurately limits the application of holistic nursing to tertiary facilities and fails to address the benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration in home health settings. C: This choice undermines the significance of holistic nursing in home health by suggesting it is less holistic than other areas of community health nursing. D: This choice inaccurately implies that interdisciplinary collaboration conflicts

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Improved sanitation and other public health activities. This is because advancements in public health practices such as improved sanitation, clean water supply, disease control measures, and vaccination programs have had a significant impact on reducing the spread of infectious diseases and improving overall population health. This primary explanation for the increase in life expectancy is supported by historical data showing that improvements in public health measures have led to a significant decline in mortality rates due to preventable diseases. Choice A (An increase in findings from medical laboratory research) is incorrect as while medical research has contributed to advancements in treatments and understanding of diseases, it is not the primary reason for the notable increase in life expectancy. Choice B (Incredible advances in surgical techniques and procedures) is not the primary explanation as surgical advancements primarily impact specific health conditions and are not as widespread in their impact on overall population health and life expectancy. Choice D (Increased use of antibiotics to fight infections) is also not the primary explanation as antibiotics have played a role

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it provides the most comprehensive and inclusive definition of women's health. It acknowledges that women's health encompasses health promotion, protection, and maintenance throughout their entire lifespan, addressing various aspects beyond just gynecological and reproductive wellness. Choice A focuses solely on gynecological and reproductive aspects, limiting the scope of women's health. Choice B emphasizes specific life stages but overlooks the broader concept of women's health. Choice D narrows down women's health to the management of unique conditions, neglecting the preventive and holistic approach encapsulated in choice C. Overall, choice C best encapsulates the multifaceted nature of women's health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. In this scenario, the CHN is focusing on preventing a disaster from occurring by participating in the development of a disaster management plan. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a health problem before it happens. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment, while tertiary prevention involves managing the consequences of a health problem. Choice B, secondary prevention, would involve actions taken after a disaster has occurred to prevent further harm. Choice C, tertiary prevention, would involve actions taken to minimize the impact of a disaster that has already happened. Choice D is incorrect because the CHN's involvement in developing a disaster management plan specifically aligns with primary prevention efforts.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. Spirometry testing by the OHN aims to detect early signs of respiratory issues in employees exposed to hazardous gases, preventing further health deterioration. This falls under secondary prevention, as it involves early detection and intervention to reduce the impact of the disease. Primary prevention (A) focuses on preventing disease before it occurs, while tertiary prevention (C) and tertiary care (D) are aimed at managing and treating existing health conditions. Conducting spirometry testing aligns with the goal of secondary prevention, making it the most suitable choice in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C Rationale: 1. Overt racism involves explicit discrimination and hostility towards individuals based on their race. 2. Participating in hate crimes directly targets and harms individuals because of their race, hence exemplifying overt racism. 3. Using traditional food and dress (A) and restricting the burning of sweet grass (B) are cultural practices, not acts of overt racism. 4. Making job positions available only to Canadian-born individuals (D) is discriminatory, but it does not involve direct harm or hatred based on race.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because using Public Health Nurses (PHNs) to keep workers healthier leading to increased productivity aligns with the company's primary goal of maximizing profits. This argument appeals to the company's financial interests by linking employee health to productivity. Choice A is incorrect because moral reasons alone may not be sufficient to convince a company to invest in a program. Choice B is incorrect because the cost comparison is not the main driver for establishing the program. Choice C is incorrect as although it may have some benefits, the primary concern for the company would likely be the bottom line, making choice D the most persuasive argument.