What practice is being implemented by the occupational health nurse (OHN) who removes a foreign body from a client's eye?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Secondary prevention. The OHN removing a foreign body from a client's eye is implementing secondary prevention. This is because secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment of health issues to prevent further complications. In this scenario, the OHN is intervening to address the existing problem (foreign body in the eye) before it can cause any further damage or complications. A: Primary care focuses on providing general healthcare services to promote overall health and prevent diseases. B: Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of health issues before they occur through education, vaccinations, etc. D: Tertiary prevention involves managing and treating existing health conditions to prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Health is an outcome. In the Ottawa Charter on Health Promotion, the focus is on health as an outcome of various determinants such as social, economic, and environmental factors, not just the absence of illness. This definition emphasizes that health is a result of individual and collective efforts to promote well-being. Choice B is incorrect because the Ottawa Charter emphasizes the importance of maintaining and promoting health, not prioritizing enjoyment over health. Choice C is incorrect as it does not fully capture the complexity of health as an outcome influenced by various factors beyond daily activities. Choice D is incorrect as health is not solely about maintaining a stable environment but rather a holistic outcome of multiple determinants.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the Diffusion of Innovation Theory emphasizes that individuals adopt innovations at different rates. It categorizes adopters into innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards based on their readiness to try new ideas. This feature helps understand and predict the adoption process in various contexts. A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the central concept of the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, which focuses on the adoption patterns of individuals rather than cost considerations, network preferences, or geographical factors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Community participation. Community development is most effective when community members actively engage in the process. Community participation fosters ownership, empowerment, and sustainability. It ensures that interventions are relevant, culturally appropriate, and supported by the community. Adequate funding (A) is important but without community participation, resources may not be utilized effectively. Appropriate location (B) is also crucial, but it does not guarantee community involvement. Professional expertise (D) is valuable, but without community input, interventions may not address the actual needs of the community.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because comparing and contrasting findings from randomized clinical trials related to learning in elementary school children is the best way to use evidence-informed practice. This method ensures that the health education programs are based on scientific evidence and proven effectiveness. It allows the CHN to make informed decisions by considering the results of rigorous research studies. Choice A is incorrect because opinions from other CHNs do not necessarily reflect evidence-based practices. Choice C is incorrect as developing games may not be based on solid evidence of effectiveness in improving retention of information. Choice D is incorrect because information from the Internet may not be reliable or evidence-based. In summary, choice B is the best option as it ensures that the health education programs are grounded in scientific evidence from reputable sources, leading to increased likelihood of success in increasing retention of information in elementary school children.