What practice is being implemented by the occupational health nurse (OHN) who removes a foreign body from a client's eye?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Secondary prevention. The OHN is implementing secondary prevention by removing the foreign body from the client's eye to prevent further complications such as infection or damage. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of health problems. A: Primary care focuses on providing basic healthcare services and managing common health issues. B: Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of health issues through education and promotion of healthy behaviors. D: Tertiary prevention involves managing and treating existing health conditions to prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nurse practitioner. In rural areas, access to specialized healthcare professionals like allergists and pulmonologists may be limited. Nurse practitioners are more likely to be available in rural settings, providing primary care services including asthma management. Pediatricians may also be scarce in rural areas, and they primarily focus on children's health. Nurse practitioners can provide holistic care for patients of all ages, making them more accessible and suitable for asthma management in rural communities.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because case management is focused on providing individualized care to specific clients to address their unique needs and goals. Case management involves assessing, planning, coordinating, monitoring, and evaluating services to meet the client's needs effectively. In contrast, option A is incorrect because case management is not exclusive to health maintenance organizations. Option B is incorrect as case management can be applied to various populations, not just a specific segment. Option D is incorrect as it oversimplifies the role of case management, which goes beyond monitoring health status to encompass comprehensive care coordination.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: 1. The correct answer is A because the Ottawa Charter emphasizes health as an outcome of wellbeing. 2. Health is not just the absence of disease but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. 3. This definition aligns with the holistic approach to health promotion in the Charter. 4. Choice B is incomplete and does not capture the comprehensive nature of health in the Charter. 5. Choice C contradicts the Charter's emphasis on maintaining health for overall well-being. 6. Choice D is too narrow and does not encompass the broader definition of health in the Charter.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The determinants of health. This is an appropriate starting point for the application of a population health approach because understanding the determinants of health helps identify the root causes of health disparities and population health outcomes. By focusing on social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health, interventions can be targeted effectively to improve overall health outcomes for a population. Incorrect choices: A: Emergency life-saving care is not an appropriate starting point for a population health approach as it focuses on individual treatment rather than addressing broader population-level factors. C: Health promotion models are important in promoting health but may not address the underlying determinants of health necessary for a population health approach. D: Risk management focuses on minimizing risks rather than addressing the broader determinants of health needed for a population health approach.