What post procedure care will the nurse provide following an intravenous pyelogram?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Use simple language with the client or significant others. Rationale: The nurse should provide post-procedure care following an intravenous pyelogram by using simple language when communicating with the client or significant others. This is important for ensuring that the patient and their family can understand the instructions clearly. Post-procedure care typically involves providing information about any potential side effects, what to expect after the procedure, and any specific instructions for recovery. Option B, administering sedative medications as ordered, is not relevant as post-procedure care for an intravenous pyelogram does not involve administering sedatives after the procedure. Option C, explaining in detail all the technicalities about the test, is not necessary as the focus should be on providing clear and concise information that the patient can easily understand. Option D, telling the patient about the risk factors of the test, is not the immediate concern post-procedure; instead, the emphasis should be on providing instructions for care and recovery. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to communicate effectively with patients and their families to ensure that they have a clear understanding of post-procedure care. Using simple language promotes patient comprehension and compliance, ultimately leading to better outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Review the nursing care plan and add nursing interventions. Delegating the task of reviewing the nursing care plan and adding nursing interventions to the nursing assistant is appropriate because it aligns with their scope of practice and level of training. Nursing assistants are crucial members of the healthcare team who provide direct patient care under the supervision of licensed nurses. Option A, showing the patient how to secure a clean-catch urine sample, involves providing patient education and requires a higher level of clinical knowledge and skill that is typically outside the scope of practice for a nursing assistant. Option B, checking the patient's urine for color, odor, and sediment, involves assessing and interpreting clinical data, which again exceeds the nursing assistant's scope of practice. Option D, providing the patient with a clean-catch urine sample container, is a task that can be delegated to a nursing assistant. However, in the context of a patient with cystitis, reviewing the care plan and adding interventions is a higher priority as it directly impacts the patient's care and outcomes. In an educational context, understanding delegation is essential for effective teamwork and patient care. Nurses must delegate tasks appropriately based on the individual's scope of practice, competency, and the patient's condition. This question highlights the importance of delegation in optimizing patient care and utilizing the skills of each team member effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Be sure to notify your physician if you experience a heart rate of less than 60 per minute. Rationale: 1. **Correct Answer (B)**: Oxybutynin chloride is an anticholinergic medication that can cause side effects like tachycardia. Monitoring heart rate is crucial as bradycardia (heart rate less than 60) can be a serious adverse effect that needs immediate medical attention. 2. **Incorrect Answers**: - A) Drinking fluids or using hard candy for dry mouth is a common side effect of oxybutynin but does not pose immediate health risks compared to bradycardia. - C) Oxybutynin can be taken with or without food, so taking it on an empty stomach is not necessary for better absorption. - D) Avoiding citrus fruits is not a specific requirement for patients taking oxybutynin. 3. **Educational Context**: - Teaching patients about potential side effects and when to seek medical help is essential in medication management. Understanding the significance of monitoring heart rate can prevent serious complications. - Educating patients on the specific instructions related to their medication helps in optimizing therapeutic outcomes and minimizing risks associated with medication use.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Secretion of H+ into filtrate. The distal convoluted tubules (DCT) of the nephron play a crucial role in the regulation of water balance and acid-base balance. In the DCT, hydrogen ions (H+) are actively secreted into the filtrate to regulate the body's pH by excreting excess acids or reabsorbing bicarbonate ions to maintain alkaline balance. This process helps in maintaining the acid-base equilibrium within the body. Option B) Reabsorption of water without ADH is incorrect as the reabsorption of water is mainly regulated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the collecting ducts, not in the distal convoluted tubules. Option C) Reabsorption of Na+ in exchange for K+ is incorrect as this process primarily occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule, not in the distal convoluted tubule. Option D) Reabsorption of glucose and amino acids is incorrect as this process occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule, where most of the essential nutrients are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. Understanding the specific functions of each part of the nephron is essential for students studying the genitourinary system. The DCT's role in regulating water and acid-base balance highlights the intricate processes involved in maintaining homeostasis in the body. Students must grasp these concepts to comprehend the body's physiological mechanisms fully.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a male patient admitted with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the nurse should expect to assess for the characteristic of hesitancy in urination. This is the correct answer because BPH, a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, can obstruct the flow of urine from the bladder, leading to difficulty initiating urination. Option A, Oliguria, refers to decreased urine output, which is not typically associated with BPH. Hematuria, option C, is the presence of blood in the urine and may indicate other conditions such as infections, kidney stones, or cancer, but is not a typical symptom of BPH. Option D, Pneumaturia, is the presence of gas in the urine and is not a common symptom of BPH. Educationally, understanding the urinary symptoms associated with BPH is crucial for nurses to provide appropriate care and interventions for patients with this condition. By recognizing hesitancy as a common symptom, nurses can facilitate early detection, management, and support for patients experiencing BPH-related urinary issues. This knowledge enhances the quality of care provided to patients with genitourinary conditions.