ATI RN
Genitourinary Review of Systems Questions
Question 1 of 5
What piece of the patient's medical history supports the diagnosis of a urinary tract infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a history of intermittent catheterization increases the risk of urinary tract infections due to potential introduction of bacteria into the urinary system. This directly supports the diagnosis of a urinary tract infection. A: The wife's history is irrelevant unless the patient had direct contact or shared personal items with her. B: Prostate disease does not directly correlate with a urinary tract infection. D: Kidney stones are not directly related to urinary tract infections unless there was an associated infection during the stone removal.
Question 2 of 5
What is a factor that contributes to an increased incidence of urinary tract infections in aging women?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Choice C (Correct Answer): 1. Aging causes relaxation of pelvic floor and bladder muscles. 2. This relaxation can lead to incomplete emptying of the bladder. 3. Residual urine in the bladder can increase the risk of UTIs. 4. Therefore, relaxation of pelvic floor and bladder muscles contributes to increased UTI incidence. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Length of the urethra - Longer urethra typically reduces UTI risk by providing more distance for bacteria to travel. B: Larger capacity of bladder - Larger bladder capacity does not directly increase UTI risk. D: Tight muscular support at the urinary sphincter - Tight support does not directly impact UTI risk; relaxation is the key factor.
Question 3 of 5
While caring for a 77-year-old woman who has a urinary catheter, the nurse monitors the patient for the development of a UTI. What clinical manifestations is the patient most likely to experience?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cloudy urine and fever. UTI in a patient with a urinary catheter may present with cloudy urine due to pus or bacteria, and fever due to infection. Urethral burning and bloody urine (B) are more indicative of urethritis or bladder trauma. Vague abdominal discomfort and disorientation (C) are not specific to UTI. Suprapubic pain and slight decline in body temperature (D) are less likely with UTI.
Question 4 of 5
When caring for the patient with interstitial cystitis, what can the nurse teach the patient to do?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Calcium glycerophosphate (Prelief) is a dietary supplement that helps decrease bladder irritation in patients with interstitial cystitis. It works by reducing the acidity of foods and beverages that can irritate the bladder. This can help alleviate symptoms such as bladder pain and urgency. Avoiding foods that make the urine more alkaline (choice A) is not recommended for patients with interstitial cystitis as it can worsen symptoms. Using high-potency vitamin therapy (choice B) to decrease autoimmune effects is not a standard treatment for interstitial cystitis. Keeping a voiding diary (choice C) is helpful for tracking symptoms but does not directly address bladder irritation like calcium glycerophosphate does.
Question 5 of 5
Which disease causes connective tissue changes that cause glomerulonephritis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs, including the kidneys. In SLE, the immune system attacks healthy tissues, leading to inflammation and damage to the connective tissues in the kidneys, resulting in glomerulonephritis. Gout (A) is a form of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals, not directly related to glomerulonephritis. Amyloidosis (B) is a condition where abnormal protein deposits can accumulate in organs, but it does not primarily cause glomerulonephritis. Diabetes mellitus (C) can lead to diabetic nephropathy, a common cause of kidney damage, but it does not directly cause glomerulonephritis associated with connective tissue changes.